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Geography GCSE > Climate Change affecting Tropical Storms > Flashcards

Climate Change affecting Tropical Storms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is climate change?

A

Climate change is a long-term shift in weather patterns and temperatures that affects the Earth’s climate.

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2
Q

What is a long-term shift in weather patterns and temperatures that affects the Earth’s climate?

A

Climate change.

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3
Q

What is distribution?

A

Distribution is the way something is arranged or spread out across a geographic area.

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4
Q

What is the way something is arranged or spread out across a geographic area?

A

Distribution.

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5
Q

What is intensity?

A

Intensity is the strength of a hazard and how damaging its effects are.

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6
Q

What is the strength of a hazard and how damaging its effects are?

A

Intensity.

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7
Q

What is frequency?

A

Frequency is the rate at which something occurs over a particular period.

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8
Q

What is the rate at which something occurs over a particular period?

A

Frequency.

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9
Q

How are frequency and intensity different?

A

Frequency and intensity are different because frequency is how often something occurs, whereas intensity is how strong (and thus how destructive) each of these events are.

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10
Q

What does a larger distribution mean for tropical storms?

A

A larger distribution means that more tropical storms beyond 30 degrees latitude, meaning that more countries are at risk of being damaged by a tropical storm.

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11
Q

Why do high intensity tropical storms increase risk?

A

High intensity tropical storms increase the risk of damaging property and infrastructure because the winds are stronger, meaning that they have more destructive power in an urban area.

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12
Q

By how much have global sea surface temperatures in the tropics increased and since when?

A

They have increased by 0.9 degrees C since 1880.

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13
Q

What has increased by 0.9 degrees C since 1880?

A

Global sea surface temperatures in the tropics.

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14
Q

What has climate change been caused by?

A

Climate change has resulted from an increase of greenhouse gases, which trap heat in the atmosphere and reflects heat back towards Earth.

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15
Q

At what lines of latitude are the tropics?

A

The tropic of Cancer is at 23.43605 degrees and the tropic of Capricorn is at -23.43605 degrees.

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16
Q

Give three greenhouse gases.

A

Nitrous oxide, methane and carbon dioxide.

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17
Q

Name and explain the types of distribution.

A

Spatial distribution is when the area that an event can happen increases in size. Distribution over time is when the range of time that an event can occur changes.

18
Q

What part of what ocean was Hurricane Catarina in?

A

Hurricane Catarina took place in the South Atlantic.

19
Q

What did Hurricane Caterina hit?

A

Hurricane Caterina hit the South-East coast of Brazil.

20
Q

What hurricane hit the South-East coast of Brazil?

A

Hurricane Catarina.

21
Q

When was Hurricane Catarina?

A

Hurricane Catarina was in 2004.

22
Q

Why is Hurricane Catarina the example of an effect of climate change being distribution?

A

As it moved slightly out of the 5-30 degree latitude range that tropical storms should always stay in.

23
Q

What did Hurricane Catarina destroy?

A

40,000 homes and 85% of the region’s banana plants.

24
Q

What destroyed 40,000 homes and 85% of South-East Brazil’s banana plants?

A

Hurricane Catarina.

25
Q

What did the sea surface temperature increasing mean for tropical storms?

A

The hurricane season could extend beyond the usual of August to October in the Northern Hemisphere.

26
Q

What caused the hurricane season lasting longer than the usual of August to October in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

The sea surface temperature increasing.

27
Q

For every 1 degree C increase in ocean surface temperatures, what do wind speeds increase by in a tropical storm?

A

Wind speeds would be expected to increase by 3-5%.

28
Q

How would you increase the wind speeds by 3-5% in a tropical storm?

A

By raising the ocean surface temperature by 1 degree C.

29
Q

What does climate change cause for sea surface temperatures?

A

They will increase.

30
Q

What does an increase in sea surface temperatures to result in?

A

An increase of evaporation.

31
Q

What does an increase of evaporation cause on the sea?

A

Causing very low pressure zones.

32
Q

What do very low pressure zones result in?

A

They will result in an increase in speed of winds flowing towards the low pressure zones.

33
Q

What do higher wind speeds from air flowing toward low pressure zones coupled with a warmer energy source from the sea create?

A

Very powerful, intense and long-lasting tropical storms.

34
Q

What are extremely powerful, intense and long-lasting tropical storms caused by?

A

High wind speeds of air flowing towards very-low pressure zones, and ultimately, from warm waters.

35
Q

What is happening to the frequency of high-intensity tropical storms due to climate change?

A

The frequency of high-intensity tropical storms due to climate change is increasing, however the frequency of tropical storms overall is staying the same.

36
Q

What does the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) project about tropical storms?

A

That the proportion of tropical storms that reach category 4 and 5 will increase as the world warms.

37
Q

What does IPCC stand for?(Related to tropical storms)

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

38
Q

Who predicts that the proportion of tropical storms that reach category 4 and 5 will increase as the world warms?

A

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

39
Q

What does more evaporation result in? (Relating to clouds)

A

More rapid evaporation results in more condensation and thus an increase in cloud formation so more energy is released.

40
Q

What does an increase in cloud formation result in?

A

More energy being released, which would thus cause even lower pressure and increases in the frequency of powerful tropical storms.

Geography GCSE (17 decks)

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