Classification Of Motor Skills Flashcards
Why are skills placed on a continua?
Skills have characteristics which can change according to the situation
What is a continua?
An imaginary scale between 2 extreme which shows a gradual increase or decrease in a number of characteristics
3 characteristics of skills
Learnt
Goal directed
Follow a technical model
What is the environmental influencer
Open——-> closed
What are the characteristics of an open skill?
Affected by the environment
May require the performer to adapt
Mostly externally paced
Require decisions to be made
What are the characteristics of closed skills?
Unaffected by the environment Are habitual Involve a set movement Need less decision making Tends to be self paced
Give an example of an open skill
Returning the tennis serve
Passing in any sport
Give an example of a closed skill
Gymnastics routine
What is muscular involvement?
Gross ——> fine
What are gross skills?
Involved large muscle groups
Little concern for precision
What are fine skills?
Involves more intricate movements using small muscle groups
Involve accuracy and emphasises hand/eye coordination
Give an example of a gross skill
Cycling
Give an example of a fine skill
Darts
What is the continua for continuity?
Discrete—–serial—–continuous
What is a discrete skill?
Have a clue beginning and end
Repeatable, but must stop and start
Single, specific skills
What are serial skills?
Movement skills that have a number of discrete elements put together in a definite order to make a movement or sequence
What is a continuous skill?
Movement skills with no clear beginning or end
End of one cycle of movement is the beginning of the next
Involves repetition of the same movement to make sense
Give an example of a discrete skill
Throwing a ball in cricket
Goal kick in football
Golf drive
Example of a serial skill
Gymnastics floor routine
Triple jump in athletics
Give an example of a continuous skill
Cycling
Running
Swimming
Rowing
What is the continua for pacing?
Self-paced——–> eternally paced
What is self internally paced?
Performer decides when the movement starts and the rate it proceeds
What is externally paced?
The control of the movement skill is not determined by the performer, but by the environment
In many cases, this involves opponents to whom the performer has to react
Give an example of self internally paced
Normally a closed skill
Throwing a ball
Give an example of externally paced
Normally open skills
Catching a ball
What is the continua for difficulty?
Simple—–> complex
What are the characteristics of a simple skill?
Have few decisions
Require little processing of information (perpetual load)
Small number of subroutines, the speed/timing not critical
One of few stimuli to process
Give an example of a simple skill
Swimming
Rowing
Cycling
Cross country running
What are the characteristics of a complex skill?
Involve lots of decision making Require much processing of information Might include links between each part of the skill Can be serial Speed/timing critical
Give an example of a complex skill
Drinking in football- how hard/soft, team mate position, opponents
Passing a basketball
Golf fairway shot
What is the continua for organisation?
Low——–>high
What are the characteristics of a low organisation/incoherent skill?
Made up of sub-routines that can be easily separated and practiced by themselves
Having been practiced separately the sub routines can be put back together into the whole skill quite easily
Give an example of a low organisation skill
Swimming- float
What are the characteristics of a highly organised/coherent skill?
Not adult broken down into subroutines
Difficult to separate sub routines without disrupting the skills
Usually practiced as a whole
Give an example of a high organisation skill
Forward role
Task analysis for a golf shot
Muscular evolvement: gross Environmental influences: wind Continuity: discrete/ serial Pacing: self paced Difficulty: complex Organisation: low
What is a skill?
The learned ability to bring about pre-determined results with maximum certainty, often with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both
