Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 131 > Class 4 Respiratory > Flashcards

Class 4 Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Pediatric differences in respiratory system

A
  • lacking surfactant
  • smaller lower airway
  • under developed cartilage
  • obligatory nose breather
  • increase O2 needs
  • alveolar development
  • Eustachian tubes are horizontal
  • trach size
  • larynx flex subject to spasm
  • tonsillar tissue is enlarged
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Resiratory assessment

A
  • depth
  • rate
  • rhythm
  • effort
  • mucous membrane retractions
  • symmetry of breathing
  • *Look, Listen, Feel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lung sounds

A

Crackles- popcorn sound on inspiration
Rhonchi-low pitch, snoring sound. Have pt deep breath coughing
Wheezes- high pitch, musical sound
Pleural friction rubs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Otitis Media: Manifestations

A
  • drainage
  • otalgia
  • bulging, opaque tympanic membrane
  • irritability
  • fever
  • V/D
  • sleep issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Otitis Media: Treatment

A
  • symptom management
  • watch/wait 48-72 hours
  • Amoxicillin or cephalosporin for penicillin allergy
  • reduce risk factors (daycare, smoking in house, bottle feeding)
  • surgical: recurrent infections (4x in one year) tube placement in ears
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Otitis Media: Nursing interventions

A 
antibiotics
acetaminophen
assess ear drainage
keep ears clean/dry
decrease risk
no smoking in house
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tonsillitis: manifestations

A

Sore throat
Enlarged, reddened tonsils
Difficulty swallowing
Mouth breathing/foul breath

**bacterial or viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tonsillectomy: pre-op and post-op period

A

Pre-op: complete history (allergies, etc)
assess swallowing and airway obstruction
active infection (fever, increased WBC)
deficient knowledge r/t surgery and procedures
Post-op: monitor respiration, v/s, examine mouth/throat, hemorrhage, swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Croup: 2 types?

A

Acute Spasmodic Croup

Laryngotracheobronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Croup: Acute spasmodic Croup

A

Age: 1-3 years

Cause: viral, genetic predisposition

Assessment:
sudden onset, usually at night
harsh cough
inspiratory stridor
dyspnea
hoarseness

Treatment:
increase fluids
can treat at home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Croup: Laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Age: 3 mo - 3 years

Cause: usually vial

Assessment:
gradual onset usually at night
harsh cough
inspiratory stridor

Treatment:
Racemic Epi
IV fluids
Hospitalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Croup: nursing intervention

A 
Airway clearance
maintain fluid balances
I/O
decrease fever
cluster nursing care
Teaching: recognize s/s of resp. distress, pain reliever, adequate fluids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Epiglottitis: info, what is it?

A 
Inflammation/swelling of epiglottis and surrounding tissue
Life threatening
Abrupt onset usually within hours
Rapid progression
Complete airway block possible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epiglottits: Manifestations

A
  • high fever
  • child insists on sitting upright
  • sore throat
  • drooling
  • dysphagia
  • dysphonia
  • distress inspiration effort
  • nasal flare
  • use of accessory muscles
  • acute resp distress possible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epiglottits: Therapeutic management

A
  • patent airway
  • O2 monitor
  • antibiotics
  • fever management
  • intubation possible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bronchiolitis: info and what is it?

A
  • inflammation and swelling of the bronchioles (small)
  • RSV is most likely cause
  • highly contagious
  • *droplet isolation precautions
17
Q

Bronchiolitis: manifestations

A
  • tachycardia
  • tachypnea
  • wheezing/crackles/rhonchi
  • retractions
  • cyanosis
18
Q

Bronchiolitis: therapeutic management

A
  • fluids
  • humid air
  • comfort
  • antibiotics
  • prevent: synagis (immunization)
  • maintain airway
  • medication: nebs, corticosteriods
  • O2
19
Q

Bonchitis: info, manifestations, therapeutic management

A

Inflammation and swelling of the bronchi (large) usually occurs with other URI or LRI condition
viral
Manifestations: couch, rhinitis, lung sounds, fatigue, low fever
Therapeutic: symptomatic, rest, OTC med, encourage fluids

20
Q

Pneumonia: viral? bacterial?

A

Can be viral or bacterial
Viral- cell destruction, debris in lumen
Bacterial- alveoli fill with cells/fluid

21
Q

Pneumonia: nursing care

A 
Frequent assessment q 2hr
Aid breathing
Humidified O2
Fluids, IV or oral
Conserve energy, rest
Medications
HOB raised up
Deep breathing to induce cough
I/O
Weight
Assess for dehydration
22
Q

Foreign body aspiration: age, common items, assessment

A

Most often 6 mo to 5 years old
Common items: small today, foods such as grapes, popcorn.
Assessment: sudden violent coughing, gagging, wheezing, cyanosis, vomiting, apnea

23
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): age, prevention

A

Most occur between 2-4 months of age, 95% before 6 months
Prevention: always place baby on back to sleep, keep crib free of blankets and toys, keep baby at comfortable temperature, safe swaddling, firm mattress

24
Q

Asthma: cause?

A

bronchospasms
bronchoconstriction
inflammation and edema of mucous membrane of airways

25
Q

Asthma: triggers

A 
cold air
smoke
allergens
environmental pollutants
weather
stress
exercise
odors
respiratory infection
26
Q

Asthma: manifestation

A 
dry cough
wheezing
retraction
nasal flaring
tachycardia
tri pod position
27
Q

Asthma: medications, how long wait between meds, which one first?

A

Wait time: 1 min between puffs of same medication, 5 min between different medications
First med: albuterol (proventil) should be taken first before other inhaled medications, rescue inhaler

28
Q

Asthma: peak flow meter, how to use it and what is it?

A

measures how fast air comes out of the lungs when you exhale forcefully after inhaling fully

makes sure meter is at 0, sit/stand up, take deep breath in, place mouth around mouth piece, exhale forcefully and as hard as possible. record number. repeat 2x. record the highest number out of the 3, that is the peak expiratory flow (PEF).

**have action plan

29
Q

Asthma: nursing care

A 
frequent assessment
air breathing
oxygenation
fluids
conserve energy
medication
education
30
Q

Cystic Fibrosis: what is it?

A

Genetic disorder, usually detected w/in first year
Exocrine glands are not working properly
Lethal disease, life expectancy about 40 years
Thick, sticky mucus produced by exocrine gland causes obstruction

31
Q

Cystic Fibrosis: manifestations of lungs

A 
Crackles
Wheezing
Diminished breath sounds
Use of accessory muscles
Dry non productive cough
Frequent lung infections
32
Q

Cystic Fibrosis: diagnostic

A

Sweat test
<39 mmol/L = neg
40-59 mmol/L = further testing needs to be done
>60 mmol/L = pos

Most US states test for CF as part of routine newborn screening

33
Q

Cystic Fibrosis: nursing care

A

Facilitate airway clearance and gas exchange
Prevent infections
Providing optimal nutrition (high cal/protein/carbs)
Promote increase exercise tolerance
Meet emotional needs
Home care

34
Q

Cystic Fibrosis: symptoms

A 
Fatigue
Chronic cough
Recurrent URI's
Thick, sticky mucus
Chronic hypoxia= barrel chest, nail clubbing
Decreased absorption of vit and enzymes
Abdominal distention
Decrease digestive enzymes
Rectal prolapse
Fatty, stinky stools
Meconium ileus in NB
35
Q

Asthma action plan GREEN ZONE

A

Doing well:
No coughing, wheezing, chest tightness or difficulty breathing
Can work, play, exercise, perform usual activities without symptoms
OR
Peak flow: 80-100% of personal best

36
Q

Asthma action plan YELLOW ZONE

A

Caution/Getting worse:
Coughing, wheezing, chest tightness or difficulty breathing
Symptoms with daily activities, work, play or exercise
nighttime awakenings with symptoms
OR
Peak flow: 50-80% of personal best

37
Q

Asthma action plan RED ZONE

A

Alert!:
Difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing not helped with medications
Trouble walking or talking due to asthma symptoms
Not responding to quick relief medication
OR
Peak flow is less than: 50% of personal best

NUR 131 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions