Class 1 TLO 1.2 Erikson Flashcards
Erickson’s Developmental Tasks
INFANCY
0-18 months Trust vs Mistrust dependent on caretakers for consistent good care, especially feeding. Eye hand coordination. Sensory discrimination Simple motor skills. Learning to eat solid foods
Erickson’s Developmental Tasks
TODDLER
18 months - 4 years Autonomy vs Share/Doubt Need to adjust to toilet training and other demands while retaining sense of autonomy, danger of lasting shame and self doubt otherwise. Walking Talking Increased independence Controlling body elimination Adjusting to social demand Beginning social play
Erickson’s Developmental Tasks
PRESCHOOL
4-6 years old
Initiative vs guilt
Need to adjust to rules (dress, appearance, behavior, curiosity, desire to explore and enjoy without becoming intolerably guilty or inhibited
Developing sense of right and wrong
Skill learning and general bodily control
Learning sex differences/accurate body concept
Relating to emotionally to family members and others.
Erickson’s Developmental Tasks
SCHOOL AGE
6-12 years old Industry vs Inferiority Facing and meeting family Successful peer and school expectation Coping with failure and frustration w/o developing generally low self esteem/inferiority. Mastering three "R" at school Distinguishing fact from fantasy Achieving independence within the family`
Principles of growth and development defined
Growth: generally refers to an increase in the physical size of a whole or any of its parts or an increase in the number and size of cells. Growth can be measured easily and accurately.
Development: more complex and subtle concept. Generally considered to be a continuous, orderly series of conditions leading to activities, new motives for activities and patterns of behavior
Factors that influence a child’s growth and development
Genetics Environment Culture Nutrition Health status Family Parental Attitudes Child rearing philosophies
Pattern of growth and development
2 types
Cephalocausdal: Head to toe. Head intitally grows fastest (fetus), then trunk (infant), then legs (child). Infant can raise the head before sitting and can sit before standing.
Proximodistal: From center outward. In the respiratory system, the trachea develops first in the embryo, followed by the branching and growth outward of the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli in the fetus and infant. Motor control of the arms comes before control of the hands and hand control before finger control
Anticipatory Guidance defined
Providing the family with information on what to expect regarding a future event, a potential problem or issue, or a child’s next development phase
Normal assessment findings related to physical growth and development for:
INFANT
double weight by 6 mo triple weight by 1 yr height increases 50% by 1 year rolls over 4-6 mo sits up, feet in mouth 6 mo crawls, pulls self up 9 mo finger fee 10 mo stands alone, feeds self w/ spoon 12 mo stranger/separation anxiety
Normal assessment findings related to physical growth and development for:
TODDLER
height at 2 yr is 50% adult height walks alone, throws over head uses spoon drinks from cup parallel play
Normal assessment findings related to physical growth and development for:
PRESCHOOL AGE
rides tricycle walks up and down stairs hop on 1 foot learn to dress self associative and interactive play imaginary playmates
Normal assessment findings related to physical growth and development for:
SCHOOL AGE
all permanent teeth except molars skips tie shoes rides 2 wheel bike jump rope sports cooperative play/team play
Normal assessment findings related to physical growth and development for:
ADOLESCENT
VS approach adult levels wisdom teeth puberty acne body odor/sweat glands pre-occupied w/ physical appearance peer group important mood swings
Anticipatory guidance provided to parents of:
INFANT 2 WK-1 MO
NUTRITION
Breast milk on demand at least every 2-3 hours
Iron-fortified formula 2-3 oz every 3-4 hr if not breastfeeding
Vitamin D supplement 400 IU/day for breastfed infants and for formula fed babies consuming fewer than 1 liter (33 oz) per day
Place on right side after feeding
Anticipatory guidance provided to parents of:
INFANT 2 MO
NUTRITION
Breastfeed on demand with increasing intervals
Formula, 4-6 oz six times a day
Vitamin D supplementation 400 IU/day for breastfeeding infants and for formula fed infants if taking less than 1 liter (33 oz) of formula/day
Anticipatory guidance provided to parents of:
INFANT 4 MO
NUTRITION
Maintain breastfeeding schedule
Formula 5-6 oz five to six times per day
Bottle supplement if breastfeeding mother has returned to work
Vit D supplementation 400 IU/day for breastfeeding infants and for formula fed babies consuming fewer than 1 liter (33 oz) day
Begin iron supplementation for exclusively breastfed infant (1 mg/kg/day)
Anticipatory guidance provided to parents of:
INFANT 6 MO
NUTRITION
Begin introducing solid food one at a time by spoon: use iron fortified cereals
Hold or place in infant seat for feeding
Begin to offer a cup
Vit D supplementation 400 IU/day for breastfeeding infants and for formula fed babies consuming fewer than 1 liter (33 oz) day
Anticipatory guidance provided to parents of:
INFANT 9 MO
NUTRITION
Continue to breastfeed on established schedule
Formula 16-32 oz/day
Vit D supplementation 400 IU/day for breastfeeding infants and for formula fed babies consuming fewer than 1 liter (33 oz) day
Continue iron fortified cereal
Anticipatory guidance provided to parents of:
INFANT 12 MO
NUTRITION
May begin whole milk (2 or 3 cups daily)
Offer various table foods from different food groups
Vit D supplementation 400 IU/day if breastfed or taking less than 1 liter (33 oz) or vitamin D fortified milk/day
begin to use table utensils
Anticipatory guidance provided to parents of:
INFANT
Baby proof home immunizations nutrition car seat safety safe sleep dental
Anticipatory guidance provided to parents of:
TODDLER
immunization nutrition dental sleep safety play age appropriate toys hygiene potty training
Anticipatory guidance provided to parents of:
PRESCHOOL
car seat safety safety poison prevention toilet training nutrition dental sleep hygiene play time (limit tv/video)
Anticipatory guidance provided to parents of:
SCHOOL AGE
nutrition dental sleep safety play
Anticipatory guidance provided to parents of:
ADOLESCENT
safety nutrition immunizations STD/pregnancy prevention hygiene dental sleep/activity emotional health suicide water safety
Paget’s cognitive developmental stages:
INFANT 0-18 MO
Reflexes
Early circular reactions
Coordinating secondary schemas
Paget’s cognitive developmental stages:
TODDLER 18 MO-4 YR
Object permanence
Tertiary circular reaction
Rudimentary thought
Paget’s cognitive developmental stages:
PRE SCHOOL 4-6 YR
imagination memory role learning skill development egocentric development egocentric language assimilation of schemas to one another
Paget’s cognitive developmental stages:
SCHOOL AGE 6-12 YR
continued schema
establishment of stable structure
logical operations
concrete operations of thinking/problem solving
Paget’s cognitive developmental stages:
ADOLESCENCE 12-18 YR
reduced dependence on presence of objects
development of advanced logical/mathematical
comprehend purely abstract/symbolic content
Erickson’s Developmental Tasks
Nursing interventions: INFANCY
Meet basic needs (food, love, security, warmth, comfort, sucking sensory stimulation) Sing/talk/music No prop bottling Abdomen/side after meals Provide proper play toys
Erickson’s Developmental Tasks
Nursing interventions: TODDLER
Provide guided/guarded Independence Self feeding Play area safe Large/soft non breakable toys, push/pull Toilet training Provide praise Play with others Practice gross motor skills Maintain rituals
Erickson’s Developmental Tasks
Nursing interventions: PRESCHOOL
Family participation in care encourage self expression Limit setting Honest answers Hold/cuddle when indicated Encourage group play Explain procedures Read to them
