circulatory system 🫀 Flashcards by Kulthum Chogle

what is the pumping organ

the heart

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function of blood vessels

tubes where blood flows through

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function of blood

fluid that acts as a medium of transport in vessels

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explain the closed circulatory system

-blood moves through the heart
-> then the vessels that flow into body tissues
-large blood vessels branch from smaller ones transporting blood between cells for exchange of gases, nutrients and waste
-blood flows back into blood vessels with valves to the heart

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what’s the function of the valve

to make sure blood flows in one direction

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what’s in the double circulatory system

systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation

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explain the systemic circulation

-right side of the heart
blood that goes to the body
-fresh oxygenated blood comes in from the lungs then to the heart and then to the body that is low in carbon dioxide
-it flows through the body and becomes deoxygenated

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explain the pulmonary circulation

-left side of the heart
-blood that goes to the lungs
-deoxygenated blood that flows up from the body into the heart, entering the pulmonary artery back into the lungs

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what’s the function of the super vena cava

largest blood vessel in terms of veins that ENTERS the heart

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what is the function of the right pulmonary artery

where blood leaves the heart to go to the lungs to get oxygenated

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what is the function of the right atrium

top chamber of the heart where blood is received from vena cava

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function of the right coronary artery

keeps heart alive

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right ventricle

lower component of the heart that is muscular that takes up most of the side of the heart since it pushes blood OUT of the heart IN to the lungs

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function of the aorta

largest blood vessel in the body that carries oxygenated blood to the body

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function of the left pulmonary artery

artery that takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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what’s the pericardium

membranous layer that protects the heart from friction

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function of the left atrium

chambers that fills with blood before it enters the ventricles

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function of the left coronary artery

supplies the heart with its own nutrients

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function of the left ventricle

thickest ventricle out of the two.
-blood that enters the heart needs to be pushed up against gravity so the heart needs to push really hard, reason it being muscular

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what’s the apex

tip of the heart

Pulmonary circulatory loop

Right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium

Systemic circulatory loop

Left ventricle → Aorta → Body → Venae cavae → Right atrium

what are the four chambers the heart is divided into

2 upper atria
2 lower ventricles

function of the right pulmonary valve

makes sure blood flows in one direction

function of the pulmonary veins

blood vessels that bring blood from the left lungs to the heart

function of the tricuspid valve

the valve that opens and closes everytime the heart beats -blood flows into the atrium past the valve into the ventricle

function of the inferior vena cava

brings blood into the heart from the body

function of the papillary muscles

muscles attached to the valves that help them contract and relax

what’s the septum

divides the heart in half with oxygenated on one side and deoxygenated on the other

what are the outside layers of the heart

PEME pericardium epicardium myocardium endocardium

what are the 3 blood vessels

ACV arteries capillary veins

what is the function of the artery

transports blood AWAY from the HEART has a regular shape

what is the function of the capillaries

exchange of substances smallest blood vessel

what the function of the vein

transports blood back to the heart irregular shape

what is the summary of blood flow to the lungs

-Deoxygenated blood enters through the RIGHT ATRIUM through superior and inferior vena cava -it then flows through the atrio-ventricular opening to the RIGHT VENTRICLE -it is then pumped through the PULMONARY ARTRIES to the LUNGS

summary of blood flow to the body

-OXYGENATED blood enters through the LEFT ATRIUM through the PULMONARY VEINS -it flows through the ATRIO VENTRCULAR opening to the LEFT VENTRICLE pumped through the AORTA to the rest of the BODY

what does function of the heart consist of

contraction of the cardiac muscle - systole relaxation - diastole

what are the three phases the cardiac cycle is divided into

atrial systole ( 0.1s ) ventricular systole ( 0.3 ) general diastole ( 0.4s )

describe the atrial systole

both atria are filled with blood and CONTRACT simultaneously

describe the ventricular systole

ventricles contract simultaneously -deoxygenated blood is pumped out of the RIGHT ATRIUM and oxygenated blood pumped into the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA

describe the general diastole

ventricles and atria relax -deoxygenated blood flows forms the two vena cava into the RIGHT ATRIUM and oxygenated blood flows forms the four PULMONARY VEINS into the LEFT ATRIUM

what the heart beat controlled by

the nervous system

what accelerates the heart beat

adrenaline and thyroxin

cardiovascular diseases

-diseases of the heart and blood vessels -can be hereditary or congenital

high blood pressure is also known as

-hypertension

explain hypertension

-Blood pressure is the force that is exerted by the circulating blood on the blood vessel walls. -A maximum pressure is reached in the arteries with each heartbeat when the ventricies contract. -This pressure is known as the systolic pressure.

explain low bp

-also known as hypotension -the minimum pressure is reached when the cardiac muscle is relaxed and the elastic walls of the arteries return to normal -known as diastolic pressure

what is a stroke

-loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain -loss of oxygen can be caused by a blood clot that blocks or bursts the blood vessels -this means the brain cannot function properly leading to paralysis on one side of the body -can lead to neurological damages or death

explain a heart attack

-occurs when the blood supply to the cardiac muscle is interrupted which leads to death of the cardiac muscle -coronary arteries supply oxygen to the heart -fat deposits usually leads to narrow arteries which is called atherosclerosis -blood cells accumulate in the arteries causing blood clots which block the arteries