circulatory system 🫀 Flashcards
what is the pumping organ
the heart
function of blood vessels
tubes where blood flows through
function of blood
fluid that acts as a medium of transport in vessels
explain the closed circulatory system
-blood moves through the heart
-> then the vessels that flow into body tissues
-large blood vessels branch from smaller ones transporting blood between cells for exchange of gases, nutrients and waste
-blood flows back into blood vessels with valves to the heart
what’s the function of the valve
to make sure blood flows in one direction
what’s in the double circulatory system
systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation
explain the systemic circulation
-right side of the heart
blood that goes to the body
-fresh oxygenated blood comes in from the lungs then to the heart and then to the body that is low in carbon dioxide
-it flows through the body and becomes deoxygenated
explain the pulmonary circulation
-left side of the heart
-blood that goes to the lungs
-deoxygenated blood that flows up from the body into the heart, entering the pulmonary artery back into the lungs
what’s the function of the super vena cava
largest blood vessel in terms of veins that ENTERS the heart
what is the function of the right pulmonary artery
where blood leaves the heart to go to the lungs to get oxygenated
what is the function of the right atrium
top chamber of the heart where blood is received from vena cava
function of the right coronary artery
keeps heart alive
right ventricle
lower component of the heart that is muscular that takes up most of the side of the heart since it pushes blood OUT of the heart IN to the lungs
function of the aorta
largest blood vessel in the body that carries oxygenated blood to the body
function of the left pulmonary artery
artery that takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs
what’s the pericardium
membranous layer that protects the heart from friction
function of the left atrium
chambers that fills with blood before it enters the ventricles
function of the left coronary artery
supplies the heart with its own nutrients
function of the left ventricle
thickest ventricle out of the two.
-blood that enters the heart needs to be pushed up against gravity so the heart needs to push really hard, reason it being muscular
what’s the apex
tip of the heart
Pulmonary circulatory loop
Right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium
Systemic circulatory loop
Left ventricle → Aorta → Body → Venae cavae → Right atrium
what are the four chambers the heart is divided into
2 upper atria
2 lower ventricles
function of the right pulmonary valve
makes sure blood flows in one direction
function of the pulmonary veins
blood vessels that bring blood from the left lungs to the heart
function of the tricuspid valve
the valve that opens and closes everytime the heart beats
-blood flows into the atrium past the valve into the ventricle
function of the inferior vena cava
brings blood into the heart from the body
function of the papillary muscles
muscles attached to the valves that help them contract and relax
what’s the septum
divides the heart in half with oxygenated on one side and deoxygenated on the other
what are the outside layers of the heart
PEME
pericardium
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
what are the 3 blood vessels
ACV
arteries
capillary
veins
what is the function of the artery
transports blood AWAY from the HEART
has a regular shape
what is the function of the capillaries
exchange of substances
smallest blood vessel
what the function of the vein
transports blood back to the heart
irregular shape
what is the summary of blood flow to the lungs
-Deoxygenated blood enters through the RIGHT ATRIUM through superior and inferior vena cava
-it then flows through the atrio-ventricular opening to the RIGHT VENTRICLE
-it is then pumped through the PULMONARY ARTRIES to the LUNGS
summary of blood flow to the body
-OXYGENATED blood enters through the LEFT ATRIUM through the PULMONARY VEINS
-it flows through the ATRIO VENTRCULAR opening to the LEFT VENTRICLE pumped through the AORTA to the rest of the BODY
what does function of the heart consist of
contraction of the cardiac muscle - systole
relaxation - diastole
what are the three phases the cardiac cycle is divided into
atrial systole ( 0.1s )
ventricular systole ( 0.3 )
general diastole ( 0.4s )
describe the atrial systole
both atria are filled with blood and CONTRACT simultaneously
describe the ventricular systole
ventricles contract simultaneously
-deoxygenated blood is pumped out of the RIGHT ATRIUM and oxygenated blood pumped into the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA
describe the general diastole
ventricles and atria relax
-deoxygenated blood flows forms the two vena cava into the RIGHT ATRIUM and oxygenated blood flows forms the four PULMONARY VEINS into the LEFT ATRIUM
what the heart beat controlled by
the nervous system
what accelerates the heart beat
adrenaline and thyroxin
cardiovascular diseases
-diseases of the heart and blood vessels
-can be hereditary or congenital
high blood pressure is also known as
-hypertension
explain hypertension
-Blood pressure is the force that is exerted by the circulating blood on the blood vessel walls.
-A maximum pressure is reached in the arteries with each heartbeat when the ventricies contract.
-This pressure is known as the systolic pressure.
explain low bp
-also known as hypotension
-the minimum pressure is reached when the cardiac muscle is relaxed and the elastic walls of the arteries return to normal
-known as diastolic pressure
what is a stroke
-loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain
-loss of oxygen can be caused by a blood clot that blocks or bursts the blood vessels
-this means the brain cannot function properly leading to paralysis on one side of the body
-can lead to neurological damages or death
explain a heart attack
-occurs when the blood supply to the cardiac muscle is interrupted which leads to death of the cardiac muscle
-coronary arteries supply oxygen to the heart
-fat deposits usually leads to narrow arteries which is called atherosclerosis
-blood cells accumulate in the arteries causing blood clots which block the arteries
