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Grade Ten Flashcards > circulatory system 🫀 > Flashcards

circulatory system 🫀 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pumping organ

A

the heart

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2
Q

function of blood vessels

A

tubes where blood flows through

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3
Q

function of blood

A

fluid that acts as a medium of transport in vessels

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4
Q

explain the closed circulatory system

A

-blood moves through the heart
-> then the vessels that flow into body tissues
-large blood vessels branch from smaller ones transporting blood between cells for exchange of gases, nutrients and waste
-blood flows back into blood vessels with valves to the heart

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5
Q

what’s the function of the valve

A

to make sure blood flows in one direction

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6
Q

what’s in the double circulatory system

A

systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation

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7
Q

explain the systemic circulation

A

-right side of the heart
blood that goes to the body
-fresh oxygenated blood comes in from the lungs then to the heart and then to the body that is low in carbon dioxide
-it flows through the body and becomes deoxygenated

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8
Q

explain the pulmonary circulation

A

-left side of the heart
-blood that goes to the lungs
-deoxygenated blood that flows up from the body into the heart, entering the pulmonary artery back into the lungs

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9
Q

what’s the function of the super vena cava

A

largest blood vessel in terms of veins that ENTERS the heart

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10
Q

what is the function of the right pulmonary artery

A

where blood leaves the heart to go to the lungs to get oxygenated

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11
Q

what is the function of the right atrium

A

top chamber of the heart where blood is received from vena cava

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12
Q

function of the right coronary artery

A

keeps heart alive

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13
Q

right ventricle

A

lower component of the heart that is muscular that takes up most of the side of the heart since it pushes blood OUT of the heart IN to the lungs

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14
Q

function of the aorta

A

largest blood vessel in the body that carries oxygenated blood to the body

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15
Q

function of the left pulmonary artery

A

artery that takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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16
Q

what’s the pericardium

A

membranous layer that protects the heart from friction

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17
Q

function of the left atrium

A

chambers that fills with blood before it enters the ventricles

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18
Q

function of the left coronary artery

A

supplies the heart with its own nutrients

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19
Q

function of the left ventricle

A

thickest ventricle out of the two.
-blood that enters the heart needs to be pushed up against gravity so the heart needs to push really hard, reason it being muscular

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20
Q

what’s the apex

A

tip of the heart

21
Q

Pulmonary circulatory loop

A

Right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium

22
Q

Systemic circulatory loop

A

Left ventricle → Aorta → Body → Venae cavae → Right atrium

23
Q

what are the four chambers the heart is divided into

A

2 upper atria
2 lower ventricles

24
Q

function of the right pulmonary valve

A

makes sure blood flows in one direction

25
Q

function of the pulmonary veins

A

blood vessels that bring blood from the left lungs to the heart

26
Q

function of the tricuspid valve

A

the valve that opens and closes everytime the heart beats
-blood flows into the atrium past the valve into the ventricle

27
Q

function of the inferior vena cava

A

brings blood into the heart from the body

28
Q

function of the papillary muscles

A

muscles attached to the valves that help them contract and relax

29
Q

what’s the septum

A

divides the heart in half with oxygenated on one side and deoxygenated on the other

30
Q

what are the outside layers of the heart

A

PEME
pericardium
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

31
Q

what are the 3 blood vessels

A

ACV
arteries
capillary
veins

32
Q

what is the function of the artery

A

transports blood AWAY from the HEART
has a regular shape

33
Q

what is the function of the capillaries

A

exchange of substances
smallest blood vessel

34
Q

what the function of the vein

A

transports blood back to the heart
irregular shape

35
Q

what is the summary of blood flow to the lungs

A

-Deoxygenated blood enters through the RIGHT ATRIUM through superior and inferior vena cava
-it then flows through the atrio-ventricular opening to the RIGHT VENTRICLE
-it is then pumped through the PULMONARY ARTRIES to the LUNGS

36
Q

summary of blood flow to the body

A

-OXYGENATED blood enters through the LEFT ATRIUM through the PULMONARY VEINS
-it flows through the ATRIO VENTRCULAR opening to the LEFT VENTRICLE pumped through the AORTA to the rest of the BODY

37
Q

what does function of the heart consist of

A

contraction of the cardiac muscle - systole
relaxation - diastole

38
Q

what are the three phases the cardiac cycle is divided into

A

atrial systole ( 0.1s )
ventricular systole ( 0.3 )
general diastole ( 0.4s )

39
Q

describe the atrial systole

A

both atria are filled with blood and CONTRACT simultaneously

40
Q

describe the ventricular systole

A

ventricles contract simultaneously
-deoxygenated blood is pumped out of the RIGHT ATRIUM and oxygenated blood pumped into the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA

41
Q

describe the general diastole

A

ventricles and atria relax
-deoxygenated blood flows forms the two vena cava into the RIGHT ATRIUM and oxygenated blood flows forms the four PULMONARY VEINS into the LEFT ATRIUM

42
Q

what the heart beat controlled by

A

the nervous system

43
Q

what accelerates the heart beat

A

adrenaline and thyroxin

44
Q

cardiovascular diseases

A

-diseases of the heart and blood vessels
-can be hereditary or congenital

45
Q

high blood pressure is also known as

A

-hypertension

46
Q

explain hypertension

A

-Blood pressure is the force that is exerted by the circulating blood on the blood vessel walls.
-A maximum pressure is reached in the arteries with each heartbeat when the ventricies contract.
-This pressure is known as the systolic pressure.

47
Q

explain low bp

A

-also known as hypotension
-the minimum pressure is reached when the cardiac muscle is relaxed and the elastic walls of the arteries return to normal
-known as diastolic pressure

48
Q

what is a stroke

A

-loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain
-loss of oxygen can be caused by a blood clot that blocks or bursts the blood vessels
-this means the brain cannot function properly leading to paralysis on one side of the body
-can lead to neurological damages or death

49
Q

explain a heart attack

A

-occurs when the blood supply to the cardiac muscle is interrupted which leads to death of the cardiac muscle
-coronary arteries supply oxygen to the heart
-fat deposits usually leads to narrow arteries which is called atherosclerosis
-blood cells accumulate in the arteries causing blood clots which block the arteries

Grade Ten Flashcards (17 decks)

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