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Cardiology > Circulatory Routes: Systemic Circulation > Flashcards

Circulatory Routes: Systemic Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components that are arranged into Circulatory routes?

A

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules & Veins.

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2
Q

What are the 2 Basic Postnatal Routes for blood flow?

A

Pulmonary & Systemic.

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3
Q

What is the colour of the blood that leaves the Aorta?

A

It is a bright red colour and when leaving Systemic capillaries it receives Co2 becoming a darker blue ish colour.

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4
Q

What are the Subdivisions of the Systemic Circulation?

A

Coronary Circulation, Cerebral Circulation & Hepatic Portal Circulation.
The Nutrient arteries that supply the lungs “Bronchial Arteries” Are also apart of Systemic Circulation.

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5
Q

What is Hepatic Portal Circulation?

A

This is the portion that extends from the GI tract to the liver.

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6
Q

Where do all the veins of the Systemic circulation Drain into?

A

They all make their way back to the:

Superior vena cava, Inferior Vena cava & Coronary Sinus.

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7
Q

Where do all the Systemic Arteries Branch off from?

A

They all branch off of the Aorta.

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8
Q

what are the portions of the Arch of the Aorta?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left Common Carotid Artery
Left Subclavian

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9
Q

What are the portions of the Thoracic Aorta?

A 
Pericardial Arteries
Bronchial Arteries 
Esophageal Arteries 
Mediastinal Arteries 
Posterior Intercostal Arteries 
Sub-costal Arteries 
Superior Phrenic Arteries
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10
Q

What are the portions of the Abdominal Aorta?

A

…

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11
Q

What is the Largest Artery of the Body?

A

The Aorta.

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12
Q

What are the 4 Principles Divisions of the Aorta?

A

Ascending Aorta, Arch of the Aorta, Thoracic aorta & Abdominal Aorta.

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13
Q

Where does the Arch of the Aorta start to form?

A

It begins when the Ascending Aorta turns / Arches left.

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14
Q

Where does the Abdominal Aorta Descend to and Split into 2 portions?

A

L4 it splits into The right & Left Common Iliac.

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15
Q

Where does the Abdominal Aorta Descend to and Split into 2 portions?

A

It descends to the 4th lumbar vertebra and Splits into two portions called the “Common Iliac Arteries”.

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16
Q

What do the common Iliac Arteries provide blood for?

A

They supply blood to the Pelvis & Lower Limbs.

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17
Q

Inside the organs what do the Arteries divide into?

A

They divide into Arterioles and then into Capillaries to supply the tissues.

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18
Q

Where does the Arch of the Aorta Begin?

A

It emerges from the Pericardium posterior to the sternum at the level of the Sternal Angle.

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19
Q

What are the three major arteries that come from the Arch of the Aorta?

A

1: The Brachiocephalic Trunk
2: The left common carotid
3: Left Subclavian

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20
Q

What is the first & Largest branch of the Arch of the Aorta?

A

The Brachiocephalic trunk

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21
Q

When the Brachiocephalic Trunk divides at the Sternoclavicular Joint what does it form?

A

It divides to form:

The Right Subclavian Artery & The Right common Carotid Artery.

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22
Q

What is the second branch from the Arch of the Aorta?

A

It is the Left Common Carotid Artery.

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23
Q

What do the Right and left common Carotid arteries divide into?

A 
----- External Carotid 
Internal Carotid 
----- middle Cerebral 
----- posterior cerebral 
posterior communicating - Basilar
24
Q

What is the 3rd branch from the Arch of the Aorta?

A

It is Left Subclavian Artery.

25
Q

What does the Left & Right Subclavian Arteries lead / branch into?

A

They continue into the Right & Left Axillary Arteries.

26
Q

What does the Left & Right Subclavian Arteries Supply blood to?

A

The vertebral Arteries & Upper limbs.

27
Q

What is the Path of the Artery Starting from the Brachiocephalic trunk of the Ascending Aorta to the Palm of the Hand?

A 
brachiocephalic trunk 
--- passing the Right common carotid & Right Vertebral
Right Subclavian
Right Axillary
Right Brachial 
Splits into Right Radial & Right Ulnar 
Splits into Right deep & superficial Arches 
palmar Metacarpals 
Palmar Digital
28
Q

What are all the Arteries in the the Hands / wrist starting from the Right Ulnar & Radial portions?

A 
Continuing from the Radial & ulnar Arteries:
Deep & Superficial palmar arch
palmar metacarpal
Palmar Digital 
Proper palmar Digital
29
Q

Where does the Thoracic Aorta Start?

A

It begins at:
The level of the Intervertebral Disc of 4-5 & lies left to the Spinal Column.
As it descends it moves closer to the midline and Extends through an opening in the diaphragm.

30
Q

Where is the opening in the Diaphragm for the Thoracic portion of the Aorta?

A

It is located Anterior to the Vertebral Column at the level of the 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar.

31
Q

What is the other name for the opening in the Diaphragm for the Thoracic Aorta?

A

It is called the “Aortic Hiatus”.

32
Q

What are “Visceral Branches”?

A

These are branches of Arteries that branch off of the Aorta to provide blood to the Visceral Organs.

33
Q

What are “Parietal branches”?

A

These are branches of Arteries off of the Aorta that supply the Body wall structures.

34
Q

Where does the Abdominal Aorta Start & end?

A

It begins at the Aortic Hiatus of the Diaphragm and ends at about the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra.

35
Q

Does the Abdominal Aorta give off Visceral & Parietal Arteries?

A

Yes, the same as the Thoracic Aorta.

36
Q

What are the Unpaired Visceral Branches of the Abdominal Aorta?

A

Celiac Trunk
Superior Mesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric

37
Q

What are the Paired Visceral Branches of the Abdominal Aorta?

A

Suprarenal Arteries
Renal Arteries
Gonadal

38
Q

Where do the Paired Visceral Branches Arise from in the Abdominal Aorta?

A

They arise from the Lateral portion of the Aorta.

39
Q

Where does the Unpaired Visceral Branches of the Abdominal Aorta Arise from?

A

They arise from the Anterior portion of the Abdominal Aorta.

40
Q

What are the Paired parietal branches of the Abdominal Aorta?

A

…

41
Q

What are the Unpaired Parietal Branch of Arteries off of the Abdominal Aorta?

A

Inferior Phrenic

Lumbar Arteries

42
Q

What is the Path of the Common Iliac Arteries to the knee?

A

It starts at the Common Iliac Arteries
—Passing the Internal iliac it goes to the External iliac.
Femoral.
—passing the deep artery of the thigh it goes to the Popliteal.
—Splits into Anterior & posterior tibial
Off of the Posterior Tibial comes the fibular
…

43
Q

What is the path of Blood from the Knee to the end of the Shin / Leg?

A

Starting at the popliteal portion

Splits into Anterior & posterior Tibial

44
Q

What does the Anterior Tibial Artery branch into?

A

It continues into the Dorsal Pedis
Arcuate
Dorsal Metatarsal
Dorsal Digital

45
Q

What does the Posterior Tibial Artery Branch into?

A

After the popliteal it branches off to the Fibular
continuing to split into the Medial & lateral Planter
Continuing from the Lateral planter is the planter arch
planter metatarsal
Planter digital

46
Q

What are the 3 main Veins of the body?

A

Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary Sinus

47
Q

What are the veins of the Head and Neck?

A

Most of the blood Draining from the head passes into 3 pairs of veins:
Internal Jugular, External Jugular & Vertebral Veins.

48
Q

Where does all of the blood pass to within the head to get to the 3 main Veins?

A

They have to drain into the “Dural Venous Sinuses” first.

49
Q

What are the Deep Veins of the Upper Limbs?

A 
Brachiocephalic veins:
Subclavian 
Axillary
Brachial 
Ulnar 
Radial
50
Q

When blood is returning to the Heart does it pass through Both the superficial and deep Veins?

A

Yes it will pass through both of them.

51
Q

What are the Veins that Anastomose with each other the most?

A

The Superficial Veins will do this more than the deep veins.

52
Q

What are the Veins that have Accompanying Arteries?

A

These are the Deep veins.

They return most of the blood and have Accompanying Veins.

53
Q

What type of Veins have valves?

A

Both Superficial & Deep veins have valves bu they are more common in the Deep veins.

54
Q

What are the Superficial Veins of the Upper Limbs?

A

Cephalic, Basilic, Median Antebrachial.

55
Q

What are the Veins that drain most of the Thorax?

A

The “Azygos System” is a network of veins that drains most of the thorax.

Cardiology (14 decks)

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