Circulatory Routes: Systemic Circulation

Question 1

What are the components that are arranged into Circulatory routes?

Answer 1

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules & Veins.

Question 2

What are the 2 Basic Postnatal Routes for blood flow?

Answer 2

Pulmonary & Systemic.

Question 3

What is the colour of the blood that leaves the Aorta?

Answer 3

It is a bright red colour and when leaving Systemic capillaries it receives Co2 becoming a darker blue ish colour.

Question 4

What are the Subdivisions of the Systemic Circulation?

Answer 4

Coronary Circulation, Cerebral Circulation & Hepatic Portal Circulation.
The Nutrient arteries that supply the lungs “Bronchial Arteries” Are also apart of Systemic Circulation.

Question 5

What is Hepatic Portal Circulation?

Answer 5

This is the portion that extends from the GI tract to the liver.

Question 6

Where do all the veins of the Systemic circulation Drain into?

Answer 6

They all make their way back to the:

Superior vena cava, Inferior Vena cava & Coronary Sinus.

Question 7

Where do all the Systemic Arteries Branch off from?

Answer 7

They all branch off of the Aorta.

Question 8

what are the portions of the Arch of the Aorta?

Answer 8

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left Common Carotid Artery
Left Subclavian

Question 9

What are the portions of the Thoracic Aorta?

Answer 9

Pericardial Arteries
Bronchial Arteries 
Esophageal Arteries 
Mediastinal Arteries 
Posterior Intercostal Arteries 
Sub-costal Arteries 
Superior Phrenic Arteries

Question 10

What are the portions of the Abdominal Aorta?

Answer 10

…

Question 11

What is the Largest Artery of the Body?

Answer 11

The Aorta.

Question 12

What are the 4 Principles Divisions of the Aorta?

Answer 12

Ascending Aorta, Arch of the Aorta, Thoracic aorta & Abdominal Aorta.

Question 13

Where does the Arch of the Aorta start to form?

Answer 13

It begins when the Ascending Aorta turns / Arches left.

Question 14

Where does the Abdominal Aorta Descend to and Split into 2 portions?

Answer 14

L4 it splits into The right & Left Common Iliac.

Question 15

Where does the Abdominal Aorta Descend to and Split into 2 portions?

Answer 15

It descends to the 4th lumbar vertebra and Splits into two portions called the “Common Iliac Arteries”.

Question 16

What do the common Iliac Arteries provide blood for?

Answer 16

They supply blood to the Pelvis & Lower Limbs.

Question 17

Inside the organs what do the Arteries divide into?

Answer 17

They divide into Arterioles and then into Capillaries to supply the tissues.

Question 18

Where does the Arch of the Aorta Begin?

Answer 18

It emerges from the Pericardium posterior to the sternum at the level of the Sternal Angle.

Question 19

What are the three major arteries that come from the Arch of the Aorta?

Answer 19

1: The Brachiocephalic Trunk
2: The left common carotid
3: Left Subclavian

Question 20

What is the first & Largest branch of the Arch of the Aorta?

Answer 20

The Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 21

When the Brachiocephalic Trunk divides at the Sternoclavicular Joint what does it form?

Answer 21

It divides to form:

The Right Subclavian Artery & The Right common Carotid Artery.

Question 22

What is the second branch from the Arch of the Aorta?

Answer 22

It is the Left Common Carotid Artery.

Question 23

What do the Right and left common Carotid arteries divide into?

Answer 23

----- External Carotid 
Internal Carotid 
----- middle Cerebral 
----- posterior cerebral 
posterior communicating - Basilar

Question 24

What is the 3rd branch from the Arch of the Aorta?

Answer 24

It is Left Subclavian Artery.

Question 25

What does the Left & Right Subclavian Arteries lead / branch into?

Answer 25

They continue into the Right & Left Axillary Arteries.

Question 26

What does the Left & Right Subclavian Arteries Supply blood to?

Answer 26

The vertebral Arteries & Upper limbs.

Question 27

What is the Path of the Artery Starting from the Brachiocephalic trunk of the Ascending Aorta to the Palm of the Hand?

Answer 27

``` brachiocephalic trunk --- passing the Right common carotid & Right Vertebral Right Subclavian Right Axillary Right Brachial Splits into Right Radial & Right Ulnar Splits into Right deep & superficial Arches palmar Metacarpals Palmar Digital ```

Question 28

What are all the Arteries in the the Hands / wrist starting from the Right Ulnar & Radial portions?

Answer 28

``` Continuing from the Radial & ulnar Arteries: Deep & Superficial palmar arch palmar metacarpal Palmar Digital Proper palmar Digital ```

Question 29

Where does the Thoracic Aorta Start?

Answer 29

It begins at: The level of the Intervertebral Disc of 4-5 & lies left to the Spinal Column. As it descends it moves closer to the midline and Extends through an opening in the diaphragm.

Question 30

Where is the opening in the Diaphragm for the Thoracic portion of the Aorta?

Answer 30

It is located Anterior to the Vertebral Column at the level of the 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar.

Question 31

What is the other name for the opening in the Diaphragm for the Thoracic Aorta?

Answer 31

It is called the "Aortic Hiatus".

Question 32

What are "Visceral Branches"?

Answer 32

These are branches of Arteries that branch off of the Aorta to provide blood to the Visceral Organs.

Question 33

What are "Parietal branches"?

Answer 33

These are branches of Arteries off of the Aorta that supply the Body wall structures.

Question 34

Where does the Abdominal Aorta Start & end?

Answer 34

It begins at the Aortic Hiatus of the Diaphragm and ends at about the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra.

Question 35

Does the Abdominal Aorta give off Visceral & Parietal Arteries?

Answer 35

Yes, the same as the Thoracic Aorta.

Question 36

What are the Unpaired Visceral Branches of the Abdominal Aorta?

Answer 36

Celiac Trunk Superior Mesenteric Inferior Mesenteric

Question 37

What are the Paired Visceral Branches of the Abdominal Aorta?

Answer 37

Suprarenal Arteries Renal Arteries Gonadal

Question 38

Where do the Paired Visceral Branches Arise from in the Abdominal Aorta?

Answer 38

They arise from the Lateral portion of the Aorta.

Question 39

Where does the Unpaired Visceral Branches of the Abdominal Aorta Arise from?

Answer 39

They arise from the Anterior portion of the Abdominal Aorta.

Question 40

What are the Paired parietal branches of the Abdominal Aorta?

Answer 40

...

Question 41

What are the Unpaired Parietal Branch of Arteries off of the Abdominal Aorta?

Answer 41

Inferior Phrenic | Lumbar Arteries

Question 42

What is the Path of the Common Iliac Arteries to the knee?

Answer 42

It starts at the Common Iliac Arteries ---Passing the Internal iliac it goes to the External iliac. Femoral. ---passing the deep artery of the thigh it goes to the Popliteal. ---Splits into Anterior & posterior tibial Off of the Posterior Tibial comes the fibular ...

Question 43

What is the path of Blood from the Knee to the end of the Shin / Leg?

Answer 43

Starting at the popliteal portion | Splits into Anterior & posterior Tibial

Question 44

What does the Anterior Tibial Artery branch into?

Answer 44

It continues into the Dorsal Pedis Arcuate Dorsal Metatarsal Dorsal Digital

Question 45

What does the Posterior Tibial Artery Branch into?

Answer 45

After the popliteal it branches off to the Fibular continuing to split into the Medial & lateral Planter Continuing from the Lateral planter is the planter arch planter metatarsal Planter digital

Question 46

What are the 3 main Veins of the body?

Answer 46

Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary Sinus

Question 47

What are the veins of the Head and Neck?

Answer 47

Most of the blood Draining from the head passes into 3 pairs of veins: Internal Jugular, External Jugular & Vertebral Veins.

Question 48

Where does all of the blood pass to within the head to get to the 3 main Veins?

Answer 48

They have to drain into the "Dural Venous Sinuses" first.

Question 49

What are the Deep Veins of the Upper Limbs?

Answer 49

``` Brachiocephalic veins: Subclavian Axillary Brachial Ulnar Radial ```

Question 50

When blood is returning to the Heart does it pass through Both the superficial and deep Veins?

Answer 50

Yes it will pass through both of them.

Question 51

What are the Veins that Anastomose with each other the most?

Answer 51

The Superficial Veins will do this more than the deep veins.

Question 52

What are the Veins that have Accompanying Arteries?

Answer 52

These are the Deep veins. | They return most of the blood and have Accompanying Veins.

Question 53

What type of Veins have valves?

Answer 53

Both Superficial & Deep veins have valves bu they are more common in the Deep veins.

Question 54

What are the Superficial Veins of the Upper Limbs?

Answer 54

Cephalic, Basilic, Median Antebrachial.

Question 55

What are the Veins that drain most of the Thorax?

Answer 55

The "Azygos System" is a network of veins that drains most of the thorax.