Chpt. 8, Feudalism in Europe and Japan

Question 1

Clotilda

Answer 1

the wife of Clovis, King of the Franks, who some believe influenced him to support Christianity, and was well known

Question 2

Rule (Order) of St. Benedict

Answer 2

a Catholic religious order that required its monks to observe rules of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and divided the monk’s day into hours of meditation and hours of manual labor

Question 3

St. Scholastica

Answer 3

the twin sister of St. Benedict, she adapted the Rule (of St. Benedict) to guide the lives of women in convents

Question 4

illuminated manuscripts

Answer 4

books and manuscripts of Greco-Roman culture that were preserved by medieval monks until the invention of the printing press in the western world around 1440

Question 5

major domo

Answer 5

by the early 8th century, this “mayor of the palace” technically controlled the royal household and it’s ground, but in reality controlled Gaul

Question 6

Pepin the Short

Answer 6

the son of Charles Martel who ruled the Franks after Charles Martel; he was the father of Charlemagne

Question 7

Donation of Pepin

Answer 7

the Pope anointed Pepin as King of the Franks, and in reciprocation Pepin gave the Papal States to the Pope after conquering some more territory

Question 8

missi dominici

Answer 8

Charlemagne kept watch over local rulers (counts) by sending out these officials to look over them and review their records

Question 9

Danes

Answer 9

an English term for the Vikings

Question 10

vassal

Answer 10

a member of the feudal relationship, he owed his allegiance to the lord in exchange for land

Question 11

benefice

Answer 11

a privilege granted to a vassal in return for either military service or agricultural labor; it could be either an economic or a commercial privilege, but usually it was a grant of land

Question 12

fief

Answer 12

a grant of land; this was oftentimes what lords would give to their vassals as a benefice in their feudal relationships

Question 13

manor

Answer 13

a self-sufficient estate that was the fundamental unit of manorialism; these developed as part of feudalism

Question 14

serfs

Answer 14

peasants who were bound to the land

Question 15

chivalry

Answer 15

a code of conduct that knights honored during feudal period which emphasized protection of the helpless, defense of Christianity, gallantry toward conquered enemies, justice, and courtesy toward women

Question 16

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Answer 16

an example of a noblewoman inheriting a feudal estate from her husband and making decisions for him (which sometimes occurred); she at times ruled England for her husband, Henry the 2nd, or for her two sons

Question 17

seppuku

Answer 17

the practice of suicide by disembowelment; for a defeated samurai, this was considered the way for one to die while conserving one’s honor; known in the west as hara-?

Question 18

Bushido Code

Answer 18

the code by which the samurai lived; it stressed absolute loyalty to one’s lord