Chpt. 20, WW1 (The Great War) Flashcards
nationalism
a deep sense of pride in one’s nation; while in many respects a positive force, it also caused intense and oftentimes unnecessary rivalries among European nations
militarism
as international rivalries increased, European nations attached greater importance to a strong military and to the maintenance of a standing army prepared for war at any time; by 1914, all major powers in Europe had created formidable armies that were constantly on alert for mobilization
Dual Alliance
an alliance formed between Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck and Austria-Hungary in 1879; it was driven by Bismarck, who saw France as the greatest threat to Europe
Triple Alliance
when Italy joined the powers of the Dual Alliance in 1882, this was born; in 1887, Germany also entered into an alliance with Russia
Kaiser Wilhelm 2?
the leader of Germany, he fired Bismarck as Chancellor in an effort to augment his own influence, and in 1890 ended Germany’s alliance with Russia, prompting Russia to ally with France
Triple Entente
by 1907, Great Britain had entered into an alliance with France and Russia, forming this; by 1907, the nations of Europe were aligned so that the slightest incident between rival powers could mean war
Balkan rivalries
in the early 20th century, the once mighty Ottoman Empire was rapidly declining, resulting in the independence of the Balkans, which split into several fiercely nationalist new countries; these were the power keg of Europe; ethnically diverse, each had it’s own political agenda
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne who was assassinated along with his wife while riding through the streets of Sarajevo, Bosnia
Sophie Ferdinand
the wife of Archduke Ferdinand
Gavrilo Princep
a young member of an organization devoted to the restoration of Bosnian self-rule; he was the assassin of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife
Schlieffen Plan
a German attack plan that called for a war against France before turning against Russia
Central Powers
one side of WW1; composed of Germany and Austria-Hungary, who were later joined by the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria
Allied Powers
Great Britain, France, and Russia, who were later joined by Japan and Italy; Italy had left the Triple Alliance in opposition to Germany’s invasion of neutral Belgium
trench warfare
the type of warfare that was fought during WW1; each side was dug in behind their lines, and it was very difficult to advance; in between them was barbed wire dotting an area known as “no man’s land”
Battle of the Marne
France’s early victory here against Germany ensured that Germany would have to fight on two fronts