Chpt. 13, Renaissance and Reformation Flashcards
humanism
- emphasized reason
- admired Greco-Roman civilization as a model
- concerned itself with everyday human problems
Renaissance
a rebirth of learning and awareness, both culturally, artistically, socially, and intellectually, in Europe
Medici family
a noteworthy family in Florence who were initially bankers, then leaders of their city-state; they were major patrons of the arts
Francesco Petrarch
a 14th-century Renaissance poet who admired the ethical example of the Romans and wrote that leading a full life on earth was more important than devotion to heavenly pursuits
Dante
an early (13th-century) writer in the Italian vernacular (common language), he wrote books such as “The Divine Comedy” and “The Inferno,” which offered a fictional account of a soul’s journey to heaven and hell
Leonardo da Vinci
a 14th-century artist, architect, musician, mathematician, and scientist; his most famous paintings include the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Michelangelo
a16th-century sculptor noted for his statues of David and Moses, as well as his painting of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican; he also designed the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome
Raphael
a 16th-century Renaissance painter known for his frescoes in papal chambers and for his madonnas
Titian
with the king of France and the Holy Roman Emperor as his patrons, he (16th-century) was known for his use of rich colors; his most famous work was The Assumption of the Virgin
Donatello
a 15th-century sculptor who admired Greek and Roman statues; his statue of Saint George is a model of realism
Northern Renaissance writers
- Desiderius Erasmus (16th century), the greatest humanist of northern Europe; he criticized the lack of spirituality of the contemporary Roman Catholic Church
- Thomas More (16th century), his book “Utopia” described an imaginary, ideal society
- William Shakespeare (16th century), considered the greatest poet and playwright of the English language
- Francois Rabelais (16th century), a French political writer
Northern Renaissance artists
- Rembrandt (17th century), known for his contrasting of light and shadows
- Albrecht Durer (16th century), copper engravings and woodcuts
- Jan Van Eyck (1400s), painted in oils on canvas
- Pieter Bruegel (mid-1500s), used paintings or rural scenes to criticize societal intolerance
indulgences (as practiced during the High Middle Ages)
paper whose purchase were said by the Church to guarantee forgiveness of sins; they were used to pay for the rebuilding of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome
justification by faith
the doctrine of Martin Luther, which stated that heaven could be achieved through faith alone, without works
Peace of Augsburg
following the rise of Lutheranism, Charles the 5th sent his armies out against the Protestant Princes in Germany; this treaty declared that each German ruler could choose the religion for his state
