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My CSCS > Chp 6 Adaptations to Aerobic Endurance Training Programs > Flashcards

Chp 6 Adaptations to Aerobic Endurance Training Programs Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Output = ?

A

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

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2
Q

Stroke Volume

A

the quantity of blood ejected with each beat

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3
Q

End-diastolic volume

A

the volume of blood available to be pumped by the left ventricle at the ending of filling phase, or diastole

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4
Q

Oxygen uptake

A

the amount of oxygen consumed by the body tissues

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5
Q

Maximal oxygen uptake

A

the greatest amount of oxygen that can be used at the cellular level for the entire body

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6
Q

1 metabolic equivalent (1MET)

A

resting oxygen uptake is about 3.5ml of oxygen per kg of body weight per minute

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7
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

Systolic blood pressure estimates the pressure exerted against the arterial walls as blood is forcefully ejected during ventricular contraction

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8
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

Diastolic blood pressure estimates the pressure exerted against the arterial walls when no blood is being forcefully ejected through the vessels

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9
Q

During aerobic exercise, blood flow to active muscles is considerably increased by the dilation of local arteries (_____); at the same time, blood flow to other organ systems is reduced by constriction of arterioles (_____).

A

vasodilation; vasoconstriction

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10
Q

Tidal volume

A

the amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath

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11
Q

low-to-moderate-intensity aerobic exercise:

increase in ventilation associated with increased _____ and _____ production, which is primarily due to increased _____.

A

oxygen uptake; carbon dioxide; tidal volume

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12
Q

high-intensity aerobic exercise:

increase in ventilation is more associated with _____.

A

breathing frequency

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13
Q

Oxygen is carried in blood either dissolved in the plasma or combined with _____.

A

hemoglobin

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14
Q

The greatest amount of carbon dioxide removal is from the combination with ____ and deliver to the lungs in the form of _____.

A

water; bicarbonate

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15
Q 
Markers of Aerobic Overtraining
\_\_\_\_\_ muscle glycogen
\_\_\_\_\_ submaximal exercise heart rate
\_\_\_\_\_ lactate
\_\_\_\_\_ creatine kinase
\_\_\_\_\_ sympathetic tone (nocturnal and resting catecholamines)
\_\_\_\_\_ sympathetic stress response
A 
decreased
increased
decreased
increased
decreased
increased
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16
Q

Adjustments to Altitude Hypoxia - Immediate Adjustments

Pulmonary: _____

Acid-base: body fluids become more _____ due to reduction in CO2 with hyperventilation

Cardiovascular:

  1. Cardiac output _____ at rest and during submaximal exercise.
  2. Submaximal heart rate _____.
  3. Stroke volume _____ or is slightly _____.
  4. Maximal heart rate _____ or is slightly _____.
  5. Maximal cardiac output _____ or is slightly _____.
A 
hyperventilation
alkaline
increases
remains the same; lowered 
remains the same; lowered 
remains the same; lowered
17
Q

Adjustments to Altitude Hypoxia - Long-Term Adjustments

Pulmonary: _____ in ventilation rate stabilizers

Acid-base: Excretion of ____ by the kidneys with concomitant reduction in _____.

Cardiovascular:

  1. Continued _____ in submaximal heart rate
  2. _____ stroke volume at rest and with submaximal and maximal exercise
  3. _____ maximal heart rate
  4. _____ maximal cardiac output

Hematologic:

  1. _____ red cell production (polycythemia)
  2. _____ viscosity
  3. _____ hematocrit
  4. _____ plasma volume

Local tissue:

  1. _____ capillary density of skeletal muscle
  2. _____ number of mitochondria
  3. _____ use of free fatty acids, sparing muscle glycogen
A

Increase

HCO3-; alkaline reserve

elevation
Decreased
Lowered
Lowered

increased
increased
increased
decreased

increased
increased
increased

18
Q

Oxygen uptake can be calculated with the Fick equation, which expresses the relationship of _____, _____, and _____.

A

cardiac output; oxygen uptake; arteriovenous oxygen difference

19
Q

The average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle is known as _____.

A

mean arterial pressure

20
Q

Aerobic endurance training results in ____ in muscular strength and _____ in sprint speeds.

A

no change; no change or slight improvement

21
Q

Sedentary college-aged men have maximal stroke volumes averaging between _____ and _____ of blood per beat; maximal stroke volumes for college-aged women are approximately _____ less.

A

100; 120ml; 25%

22
Q

The effect of training on the responses to exercise is marked, and we can see an increase in maximal stroke volume for college-aged men up to _____ to _____ ml per beat and approximately _____ to _____ for college-age women.

A

150; 160;

100; 120

23
Q

Aerobic endurance training can increase an athlete’s aerobic power by _____.

A

5 - 30%

24
Q

Highly conditioned endurance athletes commonly have RHH that ranges from ____ beats per minute.

A

40-60

25
Q

Anatomical dead spce

A

nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

26
Q

With maximal exercise, cardiac output may increase to _____ times the resting level.

A

four

27
Q

At onset of exercise, _____ stimulation increases stroke volume.

A

sympathetic

28
Q

Oxygen uptake increases during an acute bout of aerobic exercise and is directly related to the _____, _____, and _____.

A

mass of exercising muscle
metabolic efficiency
exercise intensity

29
Q

Acute aerobic exercise results in _____ systolic blood pressure and _____ diastolic blood pressure.

A

increased; decreased

30
Q 
Chronic adaptations to aerobic exercise:
vertical jump: \_\_\_\_\_
anaerobic power: \_\_\_\_\_
muscle endurance: \_\_\_\_\_
ATP, CP, glycogen, triglycerides: \_\_\_\_\_
ligament strength: \_\_\_\_\_
tendon strength: \_\_\_\_\_
bone density: \_\_\_\_\_
A 
ability unchanged
no change
increase for low power output
increase
increase
increase
no change or increase
31
Q

Chronic adaptations to aerobic exercise:
tidal volume: _____
breathing frequency: _____
with maximal exercise

A

increase

increase

32
Q

Aerobic endurance training results in _____ blood lactate concentrations.

A

lower

33
Q

Aerobic power values of women range from _____ to _____ of the values of men.

A

73%; 85%

34
Q

Myoglobin is _____.

A

a protein that transports oxygen within the cell.

35
Q

Chronic physiological and metabolic adjustments that occur during a prolonged altitude exposure:

  1. increased formation of _____ and _____
  2. increased _____ of oxygen
  3. maintenance of _____ balance of body fluid by renal excretion of _____ and through _____
  4. increased _____
A

hemoglobin; red blood cells
diffusing capacity
acid-base; HCO3-; hyperventilation
capillarization

My CSCS (25 decks)

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