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My CSCS > Chp 4 Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise > Flashcards

Chp 4 Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

The main physiological roles of GH and its superfamily are the following:
_____ glucose utilization
_____ glycogen synthesis
_____ amino acid transport across cell membranes
_____ protein synthesis
_____ utilization of fatty acids
_____ lipolysis
_____ availability of glucose and amino acids
_____ collagen synthesis
_____ cartilage growth
_____ retention of _____, _____, _____ and _____
_____ renal plasma flow and filtration
_____ compensatory renal hypertrophy
______ immune cell function

A 
decreases
decreases
increases
increases
increases
increases
increases
increases
stimulates
increases; nitrogen; sodium; potassium; phophorus
increases
promotes
enhances
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2
Q

Growth hormone is secreted by _____.

A

pituitary gland

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3
Q

Growth hormone interacts directly with target tissues, which include _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____.

A

bone; immune cells; skeletal muscle; fat cells; liver tissues

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4
Q

Women have _____ blood levels of GH than do men.

A

higher

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5
Q

Training-related changes in GH include a _____ in GH response to an absolute exercise stress and alternations in GH _____ characteristics.

A

reduction; pulsatility

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6
Q

Exercise results in acute _____ in blood levels of IGF-I.

A

increase

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7
Q

Changes in IGF-I appear to be based on the _____ before training.

A

starting concentrations

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8
Q

Men: exercise _____ is more effective for increasing overall testosterone concentrations over an entire day.

A

later in the day

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9
Q

The free hormone hypothesis states that only _____.

A

the free hormone interacts with target tissues

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10
Q

Women have _____ fold lower concentrations of testosterone than men do, and if acute increases occur after a resistance training workout, they are _____.

A

15- to 20-; small

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11
Q

It appears that _____ and ____ may be very important factors in altering the resting and exercise induced concentrations of testosterone.

A

training time; experience

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12
Q

Role of cortisol: _____ effects:

  1. converts amino acids to _____
  2. increases the level of enzymes that _____
  3. inhibits _____
A

catabolic

carbohydrates
break down proteins
protein synthesis

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13
Q

Resistance exercise protocols that use _____, _____, and _____ results in increased serum cortisol values.

Though chronic high levels of cortisol may have adverse catabolic effects, acute increases may contribute to the _____.

A

short rest periods; large muscle groups; high volume

remodelling of muscle tissues.

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14
Q

Catecholamines are primarily _____ but also ____ and _____.

A

epinephrine; norepinephrine; dopamine

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15
Q

Roles of catecholamines

  1. increased _____ via central mechanisms and increased _____
  2. increased _____, _____, _____, _____
  3. Augment secretion rates of _____
A

force production; metabolic enzyme activity

muscle contraction rate; blood pressure; energy availability; muscle blood flow (via vasodilation)

other hormones

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16
Q

Interactions with hormone receptors are greater when _____.

A

exercise acutely increases the blood concentrations of hormones

17
Q

Mechanisms contributing to changes in peripheral blood concentrations of hormones:
(5)

A
  1. fluid volume shift
  2. tissue clearance rates
  3. hormonal degradation
  4. venous pooling of blood
  5. interactions with binding proteins in the blood
18
Q

3 main categories of hormones

A

steroid
polypeptide
amine

19
Q

anabolic hormones = hormones that promote _____

e.g. _____, _____, _____, _____

catabolic hormones = hormones that _____

e.g. _____, _____

A

tissue building

insulin, testosterone, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)

degrade cell proteins

cortisol; progesterone

20
Q

Lock-and-key-theory
____ is the lock
_____ is the key

A

receptor

hormone

21
Q

downregulation

A

the inability of a hormone to interact with a receptor

22
Q

Amine hormone interactions

synthesized from the amino acid _____ or ______.

A

tyrosine (e.g. epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine)

tryptophan (e.g. serotonin)

23
Q

A steroid hormone passively diffuses across the _____ of a muscle fiber.

It binds with its receptor to form a _____.

A

sarcolemma

hormone-receptor complex (H-RC)

24
Q

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the _____, and is read by a _____ in the process of _____.

A

genetic sequence of a gene; ribosome; synthesizing a protein

25
Q

Polypeptide hormone is made up of _____.

e.g. _____ and _____

They are not _____ and thus cannot _____.

A

chains of amino acids

insulin; growth hormone

fat soluble; cross the cell membrane

26
Q

Following secretion in the blood circulation form the —_____ in men and the _____ and _____ in women, testosterone is transported to target tissues by a _____.

A

testes; ovaries; adrenal glands; binding proteins

27
Q

What are the three important signal mechanisms for IGF release?

A

insulin levels
nutritional status
IGF

28
Q

What are the three factors that involved in the regulation of IGF synthesis?

A

growth hormone
thyroid hormone
testosterone

29
Q

Catecholamines are important for the acute expression of strength and power because the hormones act as _____ and _____ and enhance _____ and _____ in muscle.

A

central motor stimulator;
peripheral vascular dilators;
enzyme systems;
calcium release

30
Q

_____ gland controls the amount of calcium in blood and bones.

A

Parathyroid

31
Q

thyroxine (thyroid gland)

A

stimulate oxidative metabolism

32
Q

calcitonin (thyroid gland)

A

reduces calcium phosphate levels in blood

33
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

increases blood calcium; decreases blood phosphate; stimulates bone formation

34
Q

glucagon (pancreas)

A

increases blood glucose levels

35
Q

norepinephrine (adrenal medulla)

A

has properties of epinephrine; also constricts blood vessels

36
Q

atrial peptide

A

regulates sodium. potassium and fluid volume

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