Chp 5 Adaptations to Anaerobic Training Programs

Question 1

Hormonal Markers of Anaerobic Overtaining
_____ resting concentrations of testosterone and IGF-I;
_____ cortisol and _____ resting luteinizing hormone and total and free testosterone concentrations when it comes to volume-related overtraining.

Answer 1

decreased; increased; decreased

Question 2

Intensity-related overtraining does not appear to alter resting concentrations of hormones.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

In response to mechanical loading, _____ migrate to the bone surface and begin bone modeling.

Answer 3

osteoblasts

Question 4

Osteoblasts manufacture and secrete _____ —- primarily _____ molecules that are deposited in the spaces between _____ to increase strength. These proteins form the _____ and eventually become mineralized as _____ (_____).

Answer 4

proteins; collagen; bone cells; bone matrix; calcium phosphate crystals; hydroxyapatite

Question 5

New bone formation occurs predominantly on the outer surface of the bone (_____), increasing _____ and _____.

Answer 5

periosteum; diameter; strength

Question 6

Minimal essential strain (MES) refers to the _____ that initiates new bone formation.

Answer 6

threshold stimulus

Question 7

trabecular (_____) bone

cortical (_____) bone

Answer 7

spongy

compact

Question 8

The MES is approximately _____ of the force required to fracture bone.

Answer 8

1/10

Question 9

Specific tendinous changes that contribute to size and strength increases include:

1. an increase in collagen fibril _____
2. a greater number of _____ within the hypertrophied fiber
3. an increase in the _____ of collagen fibrils
4. an increase in the _____ of collagen fibrils

Answer 9

diameter
covalent cross-links
number
packing density

Question 10

Resistance training has been shown to upregulate _____ within _____ to _____ hours after the workout.

Answer 10

androgen receptor content; 48; 72

Question 11

Peak power output is maximized during the jump squat with loads corresponding to _____ to _____ of squat 1RM

Answer 11

30%; 60%

Question 12

For the upper body, peak power output can be maximized during the ballistic bench press throw using loads corresponding to _____ to _____ of 1RM bench press.

Answer 12

46%; 62%

Question 13

continuum of fiber types

Answer 13

I, Ic, IIc, IIac, IIa, IIax, IIx

Question 14

The process of hypertrophy involves both an increase in the synthesis of the _____ within the myofibril and an increase in the _____ within a muscle fiber. The new _____ are added to the external layers of the _____, resulting in an increase in its diameter.

Answer 14

contractile proteins actin and myosin; number of myofibrils; myofilaments; myofibril

Question 15

Hypertrophy refers to muscular enlargement of an increase in the _____ of existing fibers.

Answer 15

cross-sectional area

Question 16

Hyperplasia results in an increase in the _____ via _____.

Answer 16

number of muscle fibers; longitudinal fiber splitting

Question 17

Cross-education

Answer 17

muscle undergoing unilateral resistance training produces increased strength and neural activity in the contralateral resting muscle

Question 18

Both the _____ and _____ ultimately contribute to long-term hypertrophic adaptations.

Answer 18

inflammatory responses; increased protein turnover

Question 19

The sequence of protein synthesis involves
1.
2.
3.

Answer 19

water uptake
noncontractile protein synthesis
contractile protein synthesis