Chemical digestion and absorbtion

Question 1

What is digestion

Answer 1

is the physical and chemical breakdown of insoluble food to simpler and soluble substances

Question 2

What is mechanical digestion

Answer 2

includes chewing, churning movements which is the physical digestion of food. Food particles are broken up into smaller pieces which increase the surface area for the attachment of enzymes

Question 3

Chewing

Answer 3

The teeth in the mouth cavity chew food to break it into smaller pieces.

Question 4

The tongue

Answer 4

pushes the food against the teeth and assists with the breakdown of the food. The incisors cut the food, the canine teeth hold and tear the food and the molars grind the food to fine pieces

Question 5

Where does Peristalsis take place?

Answer 5

it takes place when circular muscles in front of and around the bolus relax and the longitudinal muscles contract which takes place in the oesophagus, stomach and intestines

Question 6

What is crude-fibre

Answer 6

Crude fibre is the insoluble substance in the cell

Question 7

What is the importance of crude-fiber

Answer 7

It stimulates peristalsis and it prevents and reduces diseases like haemorrhoids and constipation

Question 8

What is the importance of water

Answer 8

Water eases the movement of food through the digestive system and it also cleans the digestive system

Question 9

The requirements of an efficient absorption surface area

Answer 9

The surface area must be thin
There must be a large surface area for absorption
A transport system must be available to transport the nutrients that are absorbed
The absorption area must be moist

Question 10

Absorption and transport of nutrients

Answer 10

Absorption takes place in the small intestines. the nutrients that are absorbed are monosaccharides
Absorption takes place actively or passively by means of diffusion

Question 11

What is passive absorption

Answer 11

is when nutrients diffuse from a high concentration in the small intestine to a low concentration in the blood

Question 12

What is active absorption

Answer 12

is when nutrients moe against the diffusion gradient using energy produced by the mitochondria in the epithelial cell

Question 13

What is the function of the capillary network

Answer 13

absorbs the amino acids then they join to form the hepatic portal vein which transports the nutrients to the liver

Question 14

What are amino acids

Answer 14

are absorbed by the cells of the body and are used to synthesis proteins that are needed for growth and repair

Question 15

What are fats

Answer 15

fats are used for different functions such as reserve energy, insulation of organs form part of the cell membranes

Question 16

What is glucose

Answer 16

glucose is transported through the hepatic portal vein to the liver where the excess is converted into glycogen. The rest of the glucose is transported to the somatic cells through the bloodstream and it can be stored in the cells as glycogen and can be used for cellular respiration

Question 17

Problem with overfeeding

Answer 17

The excessive intake of carbohydrates and fats leads to overweight or obesity which can lead to diseases like heart disease, high cholesterol, high blodd pressure and even cancer in the small intestines

Question 18

Problem with malnutrition

Answer 18

exists when there is a deficiency of nutrients