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Life Science > Biodiversity and classification of micro-organisms > Flashcards

Biodiversity and classification of micro-organisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Micro-organisms

A

organisms that can not be seen with a naked eye

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2
Q

Kingdom Prokaryotes

A

don’t have a nucleus
don’t have mitochondria, chloroplasts, and flagellae
very small
contain a cell wall made from protein like origin

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3
Q

Kingdom Eukaryotes

A

has a nucleus that is separated from the cytoplasm
nucleus contains chromosomes
some cells have flagellae or cilia
the cell wall consists of cellulose or chitin

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4
Q

Kingdom monera

A

bacteria are unicellular
widely spread by nature
mostly prokaryotes don’t have a true nucleus
reproduction is asexual binary fission
plays a role in maintaining soil fertility
some are pathogenic and cause diseases like TB

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5
Q

Kingdom Protista

A 
consists of unicellular eukaryotes
most are parasites
feed off living organisms
nutrition is mostly heterotrophic
have a true nuclei
live in almost any environment where water occurs as most portists are aquatic
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6
Q

Plasmodium falciparum (protista)

A

is a protozoan that causes malaria in humans and uses the adult mosquito as a vector

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7
Q

groups of organism

A

viruses
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi

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8
Q

The basic structure of viruses

A
  1. Viruses are very small
  2. Viruses consist of a central nucleic acid surrounded by a protein capsule
  3. Viruses can infect the plant, animal, or bacterial cells
  4. Viruses contain DNA or RNA
  5. Some viruses such as the flu virus and HIV are enclosed by a sheath of lipid and protein molecules
  6. Viruses are acellular and have no cytoplasm, cytoplasm, or organelles
  7. The shape of viruses varies from rod-shaped, spherical to a more complex shape
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9
Q

General characteristics of viruses

A
  1. Viruses are parasites that only reproduce within the living cells known as Obligate Intracellular parasites
  2. Viruses are host specific while some are tissue-specific
  3. Viruses reproduce by converting the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of the host cells into viral nucleic acids so that new viruses can produce
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10
Q

bacteria

A
  1. Bacteria are the smallest and simplest living organisms
  2. bacteria are classified under the kingdom Monera
  3. Some bacteria live in the presence of oxygen and are known as aerobic bacteria, while others can live in the absence of oxygen are known as anaerobic bacteria
  4. some bacteria are pathogenic and causes diseases
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11
Q

The basic structure of bacteria

A
  1. Bacteria are unicellular
  2. The bacterium cell is surrounded by a cell wall that consists of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids
  3. In some bacteria, the cell wall is surrounded by a slime layer or capsule which protects the bacterial cell from enemies
  4. A plasma membrane occurs directly below the cell wall
  5. The cytoplasm has no membrane-bound organelles, such as vacuoles, plastids, mitochondria
  6. A true nuclei are absent
  7. Genetic material (DNA) is concentrated in a chromatin body known as the nucleoid
  8. Some bacteria move in a liquid called flagella
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12
Q

Shapes bacteria occur in

A

rod-shaped (bacillus)
round (coccus)
Spiral-shaped (spirillum)
comma-shaped (vibrio)

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13
Q

Characteristics of bacteria

A
  1. Bacteria are unicellular and simple
  2. Bacteria have no true nuclei and are prokaryotic
  3. Some bacteria are autotrophic and produce their own organic substances by photosynthesis
  4. majority of bacteria are heterotrophic
    Reproduction occurs asexually by binary fission, where a single cell divides into two cells of identical DNA composition
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14
Q

three types of heterotrophic bacteria

A 
Parasitic bacteria (obtain food from living organisms)
Saprophytic bacteria( obtain food from dead organic material)
Mutualistic bacteria ( when both benefit)
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15
Q

General characteristic of fungi

A
  1. yeasts are unicellular while mushrooms and moulds are multicellular
  2. All fungi have true nuclei and are eukaryotic
  3. All fungi have cell walls consisting of chitin
  4. All fungi consists of a mass of branched filaments or hyphae
  5. fungi have no chlorophyll and are heterotrophic
  6. some fungi are parasites
  7. most fungi are saprophytes and live off dead organic plant and animal
  8. Some live mutualistically with other organisms
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16
Q

Bacteria Role as producers in food chains in maintaining balance in the environment and food chain

A

Autotrophic bacteria and protists produce their own organic nutrients by photosynthesis and chemosynthesis and energy is stored in carbohydrates produced and it is available to the consumers

17
Q

Bacteria Role as decomposers in food chains in maintaining balance in the environment and food chain

A

Decomposition bacteria fungi ad protists break down dead organic matter to their building blocks

18
Q

Bacteria role in the nitrogen cycle

A

Free-living soil bacteria and nodule bacteria convert free nitrogen into nitrates and make it accessible to plants

19
Q

how do viruses spread

A

Viruses spread through food, and vectors

20
Q

life function of a virus

A

reproduction. A virus cannot be regarded as a cell as it does not have a nucleus with chromosomes material

21
Q

biological importance of viruses

A

The virus is a Latin word for “poison”. Viruses cause disease and are therefore the main pathogens of plants as well as animals and humans

22
Q

Habitat of fungi

A

fungi are present in any ecological habitat and live in a variety of growth media

23
Q

The ecological and economic role of fungi

A

fungi play an important role in the breakdown and decay of dead animal and plant material

also play an important economic role. Crops can be destroyed by fungi causing large financial losses caused by parasitical fungi on animals that are much smaller than on plants. In humans, fungi cause oral thrush, athletics foot

24
Q

ecological and economic importance of Protista

A

they are very important to the earth because they produce a lot of oxygen, and most living things need oxygen to survive

They form the base of aquatic food chains

They help keep the numbers of bacteria in balance with other organisms and they help break down dead plants and animals and recycle back nutrients into the environment

25
Q

Cilia

A

responsible for movement and help to catch food. Ciliary animals are heterotrophic and each contains two nucleases per cell

Life Science (25 decks)

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