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Life Science > Animal Nutrition- Mammals > Flashcards

Animal Nutrition- Mammals Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does a balanced diet consist of

A 
carbs
proteins
lipids
inorganic nutritions
water
vitamins
fiber
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2
Q

What is digestion

A

when starch and proteins are broken down to smaller, more digestible molecules that can be taken up in the blood

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3
Q

Browser herbivores

A

eat foliage from trees and shrubs like elephant and giraffe

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4
Q

Grazer herbivores

A

eat grass like buck cattle and sheep

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5
Q

Food type of herbivores

A

plant foliage, roots and underground stems, seeds, and fruit

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6
Q

What are carnivores

A

predators and scavenger

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7
Q

What do predators do

A

hunt for prey, catch them and eat them like snakes and lions and eagles

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8
Q

What do scavengers do

A

eat off carcass once the predators have eaten their fill e.g hyenas, vultures, and jackals

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9
Q

What are omnivores

A

eat plants and animals like people apes baboons and pigs

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10
Q

Food types of omnivores

A

plant leaves, vegetables, fruit, nuts, eggs, and meat

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11
Q

Teeth of omnivores

A

teeth are of a similar shape and size, incisors, canines, premolars, and molars

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12
Q

Stomach of omnivores

A

Well developed stomach with gastric juice to digest proteins and fats

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13
Q

Energy relationships

A

Tertiary consumers consume the least amount of food as the diet is rich in all the nutrients required, especially proteins

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14
Q

Reasons for nutrition

A

Food provides energy so that the body can function
Food provides nutrition for the growth of cells and tissue
Food provides nutrition for the repair of cells and tissue

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15
Q

what is the mouth

A

is a cavity that is lined with a mucus membrane. The food is broken down into smaller molecules using the teeth and the tongue and mixed with saliva to form a bolus

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16
Q

What is a palate

A

is hard at the front and soft at the back
During the break down of the food molecules, the tongue presses the food against the palate which assists with the breaking with the breaking up

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17
Q

Salivary glands

A

The production of saliva is the first physiological process that takes place when food enters the body
Saliva is secreted by salivary glands.
Saliva consists of water, mineral salts, and enzymes. The food particles dissolve in the water so that the taste buds can be activated. It also keeps the mouth he mouth moist. Salivary amylase is found in saliva that breaks down starch into sucrose

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18
Q

Function of saliva

A

It is a lubricant. It mixes with the dry food to moisten it so that the bolus that is formed can be swallowed easily

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19
Q

Function of saliva

A

Serves as a lubricant. It mixes with the dry food to moisten it so that the bills that formed can be swallowed easily

Serve as a solvent for food molecules. Chemical resettled are activated so that a person can taste the food

It contains amylase that helps to digest starch

It keeps the mouth moist st that a person can talk

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20
Q

Mastication meaning

A

Food is ouu physically broken down in the mouth by the teeth into smaller molecules

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21
Q

Four types of teeth

A

Molars( back teeth)

Premolars ( bicuspids)

Canines ( eye teeth )

Incisors ( front teeth)

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22
Q

Four types of teeth

A

Molars( back teeth)

Premolars ( bicuspids)

Canines ( eyeteetg)

Incisors ( front teeth)

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23
Q

What are molars used for

A

For chewing and grinding food

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24
Q

What are Premolars used for

A

Have a flat biting surface. They tear and crush food

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25
Q

What are canines used for

A

Have a sharp, pointed biting surface and has a grip to tear food

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26
Q

What are the incisors used

A

Are used for cutting food into small chewable pieces

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27
Q

What is the tongue

A

Is a muscular organ that is attached ventrally and at the back of the mouth

28
Q

The function of the tongue

A

Presses food against the teeth and at the hand palate to assist in the chewing process

Contains taste buds

Is necessary for speech

Helps to mix the food with saliva

Helps to form the bolus before it is pushed down the oesophagus

29
Q

Function of the pharynx

A

Transfer the bolus to the oesaphagus when swallowing

30
Q

The oesaphagus

A

is a hollow, muscular tube that lies behind the trachea and extends from the pharynx to the stomach.

31
Q

The function of the oesaphagus

A

transport of bolus to the stomach

32
Q

Where is the cardiac sphincter found

A

between the oesaphagus and the stomach

33
Q

Where does the cardiac open

A

when the bolus reaches the sphincter through peristalsis

34
Q

The function of the stomach

A

serves as temporary storage for food

The stomach mixes the bolus with the gastric juices movements to form chyme

The stomach secretes enzymes for chemical digestion

The stomach secretes hydrochloric acid

35
Q

Types of enzymes

A

Lipases- enzymes that break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Proteases- enzymes that break down proteins, ending up with amino acids ph2

Carbohydrases- enzymes that break down carbohydrates into simple sugars ph8

36
Q

3 arts of small intestines

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

37
Q

the shortest part of the intestine

A

duodenum

38
Q

which intestines enter the duodenum

A

the common bile and the pancreatic duct

39
Q

which intestine is the area where most digestion and absorption of food takes place

A

the jejunum

40
Q

what is found between the small and large intestine

A

the ileo- cacel

41
Q

How do the villi improve absorption of nutrients

A

they enlarge the surface area for absorption
the absorption surface is kept moist by mucus
it is well supplied with blood capillaries

42
Q

the function of small intestines

A

absorption of nutrients
receives bile and pancreas juice so that chemical digestion takes place
chemical digestion takes place

43
Q

parts of the colon intestine

A

The caecum
the colon
the appendix

44
Q

tree parts of the colon

A

the descending colon
the transverse colon
the rectum

45
Q

The function of the large colon

A

serves as temporary storage for undigested waste products
absorbs water
mucus is secreted in the colon to ease the movement of undigested waste
bile salts are reabsorbed in the large intestine

46
Q

What is the anus

A

the opening between the body and the environment and egestion takes place there

47
Q

Where is the liver located

A

on the right side of the abdominal activity

48
Q

what is bile produced by

A

the liver cells and is stored in the gall bladder

49
Q

2 parts f the liver

A

the right lobe and the left lobe

50
Q

functions of the liver

A

synthesis bile
synthesis vitamin A
stores Vitamin A, D, E, K, and B12
is a detoxification organ that absorbs and neutralizes toxins
stores blood and makes the blood available when needed
manages the metabolism of amino acids

51
Q

Functions of bile

A

improves the absorption of the soluble vitamin A, D, E, K, and B12

improves the absorption of fatty acids and glycerol

is antiseptic which prevents decomposition in the small intestines

emulsifies fats to fat droplets

52
Q

What is the pancreas

A

is a tongue-like an organ

53
Q

What does the pancreas 2 part

A

the pancreatic cells and the cells of Langerhans

54
Q

What does the pancreas cell secrete

A

the pancreatic juice which contains enzymes

55
Q

Functions of insulin

A

stimulates muscles to absorb glucose from the blood

inhibits the livers conversion of glycogen into glucose

increases the rate of glucose oxidation in the muscle and liver

56
Q

What is the liver responsible for

A

the regulation of glucose levels in the blood. Glucose that is absorbed from the digested tract is transported via the hepatic portal vein to the liver where excess glucose is converted to glycogen. When the body needs glucose for metabolic processes and respiration, glycogen is converted back into glucose

57
Q

What does insulin control

A

the conversion of glucose to glycogen. they work together antagonistically to control blood sugar levels and it controls the converison of glycogen to glucose and is secreted by a - cells of the islets Langerhans

58
Q

Why does insuli levels drop

A

becuase the concentration of glucose in the blood falls below normal so that less glucose is converted to glcogen

59
Q

What happens if insulin is not poduced in sufficient quantities

A

the kidneys will excrete glucose in the urine

60
Q

Assimilation

A

cells take up the nutrients and form new substances that are equired

61
Q

elimination

A

undgested waste products that are not needed y te body

62
Q

Aborption

A

the simple, oluble molecules arw absorbed b the cells of the digestion system

63
Q

Digestion

A

Physical and chemical processes take place to change the arge insoluble food molecules into simpler, sluble molecues

64
Q

Ingestion

A

food aken into the mout

65
Q

Transport

A

the nutrients that are absorbed are transproted to different cells of the digestion system

Life Science (25 decks)

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