Angiosperms

Question 1

What is the structure of angiosperms?

Answer 1

Angiosperms have a well-developed vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem. Xylem conducts water and minerals salts up the stem. phloem conducts water and dissolved nutrients up and down the plant. In dicotyledonous plants, the xylem and phloem undergo secondary thickening each year causing the stem of the tree to increase in girth

Question 2

Characteristics of monocotyledonous plants

Answer 2

1. A shallow, adventitious root system
2. Flower whorls are in fours or fives
3. the seed contains two cotyledons
4. Leaves are simple or compound and are dorsiventral and grow from a petiole
5. Woody stems develop a hard tough bark and they grow from petioles at the nodes on the stem

Question 3

Characteristics of dicotyledonous plants

Answer 3

1. A deep, taproot system
2. Flower whorls are in fours or fives
3. The seed contains two cotyledons
4. The seed contains two cotyledons like a bean
5. seeds are protected by ripened ovaries which form a fruit around the seeds
6. Leaves are simple or compound they have a net or palmate venation and are broad and flat
7. The leaves are dorsi- ventral and grow from a petiole

Question 4

What is a flower

Answer 4

is a reproductive organ. The sepals and petals protect the reproductive parts and maybe colorful to attract insects for pollination and maybe colorful to attract insects for pollination

Question 5

What does a flower contain?

Answer 5

both stamens ans carpels

Question 6

What is pollination?

Answer 6

is the transfer of ripe pollen from an anther to a receptive stigma

Question 7

Two types of pollination

Answer 7

Self-pollination and Cross-pollination

Question 8

What is self-pollination

Answer 8

is the transfer of pollen from the anther to a receptive stigma of the flower or the receptive stigma of a flower on the same parent plant

Question 9

What is cross-pollination

Answer 9

is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one plant to the receptive stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species

Question 10

Characteristics of self-pollinated flower

Answer 10

Stamens and pistils are enclosed to prevent cross-pollination and the anthers and stigma ripen at the same time and are located close to one another

Question 11

Characteristics of wind-pollinated flowers

Answer 11

1. Polle is transferred from one flower to another, by wind caused b air currents
2. Flowers are generally small, have no scent, no nectar, and no color
3. The stigma is large and stands outside the flower structure to collect pollen easily
4. The anthers hang outside the flower and produce large quantities of pollen that are small, dry, smooth, and easily carried by the wind

Question 12

CHaracteristics insect-pollinated flowers

Answer 12

1. Petals are large, brightly colored have nectar and some have nectar guides
2. Male and female whorls are well exposed and ripen at different times
3. The stigma is generally short, flat, sticky, and located within the flower
4. The anthers are short and produce a small quantity of pollen that is large sticky and clings to the insect body well
5. Flowers that open at night have a strong scent to guide night insects to them

Question 13

Characteristics of bird-pollinated flowers

Answer 13

1. Flowers are large, tubular in shape, sturdy, and attached to a strong flower stalk
2. Flowers produce nectar and are colorful
3. The stigma and anthers are located inside the flower and do not ripen at the same time

Question 14

Reproduction and life cycle

Sexual reproduction

Answer 14

when two parents and the formation of diploid male and female gametes by the process of meiosis

Question 15

The ecological role of angiosperms

Answer 15

important for groundcover and as habitats for a variety of animals, but their most important role in the ecosystem is as producers as they serve as the first trophic level of terrestrial food chains. Together with phycophytes and gymnosperms angiosperms maintain a healthy oxygen/ carbon balance through photosynthesis