Chapters 5/6 Flashcards
Vitals signs, and physical examination
site where the infants body temperature is most accurate?
rectal
a normal pulse
newborn- 140 bpm
1-2 years- 120 bpm
3-6 years- 100 bpm
7-11 years- 95 bpm
teen-adult- 80bpm
level of the arm when taking the pulse?
level with the heart
pulse done with a stethoscope
heart pulse
palpated behind the knee
popliteal pulse
palpated at the neck
carotid pulse
antecubital space be palpated
brachial pulse
pulse with uncontrolled hypertension
a really high pulse rate of 100bpm+
orthostatic hypotension
a temporary fall in blood pressure when a person rapidly changes from recumbent position to a standing position
systolic BP krotokoff phase
heard in phase 1
expected resting pulse
60-100 bpm
aural thermometer
an ear thermometer that uses infrared energy to measure body temperature
what is it called when there is a difference between the radial and apical pulses?
“pulse deficit”; if the heart is weak or the patient has a vascular disease, the pulses may be different
internal functions of the body are constantly adapting and changing to keep the body in balance. what is this called?
homeostasis
a 3 year olds bilateral otitis externa is taken with what thermometer?
a tympanic thermometer is inserted into the ear after gently pulling the ear lobe down and back
symptoms of hypertension
there are virtually no symptoms, most don’t know they have problem until they have treatment for another problem
cardinal sign assessment includes?
temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure
know about fevers that fluctuates
continuous fever rises and falls only slightly during a 24 hour period. The temperature consistently remains above the patients average range and fluctuates less than 3 degrees
abbreviation for temperature
temp
shortest length of time to obtain an accurate temperature is found with what kind of device?
a tympanic thermometer reading takes less than 2 seconds
90/60 mmHg or lower is considered?
hypotension
a distinct sharp tapping sound that continues rhythmically is which Krotkoff phase?
3
medical history that helps uncover existing or potential health problems is what section?
History of present illness (HPI)
how to have a good rapport with patients
preparing the proper environment, using active listening, and therapeutic communication
know where demographic information is?
the database
what includes the patients dietary habits, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption
social history
repeating or paraphrasing the patients comments
restatement
an MA who is a good listener consistently provides what?
compassion, honesty, and education to the patient
therapeutic interactions with children include?
allowing the child to touch and discover things in the office, praising for cooperation, and playing games
processes that involve active listening
therapeutic communication, restatement, reflection and clarification
how to correct an error in a paper record
draw a line through the error, write ‘error’ above the corrected words, date and initial the correction
supine position
patient lies flat with their face upward and lower legs supported by the table extension. used to examine the front of the body
prone position
patient lies face down on the table on the ventral surface of the body, opposite of the supine position. used to examine the back and for certain surgical procedures
semi-fowler position
the head of the table is positioned at a 45 degree angle. used for post operative exams, breathing disorders, and patients suffering from head trauma or pain
fowlers position
head of the table is positioned at a 90 degree angle. used for exams and treatments of the head, neck, and chest
dorsal recumbent
patient lies face up with weight distribution primarily to the surface of the back, with knees bent and feet flat. used for exams or inspection of the rectum, vagina, and perineal areas
Lithotomy position
patient lays on their back with knees sharply flexed and arms folded over the chest or at the sides. slide the buttocks down to the end of the table, support feet with stirrups wide apart and somewhat away from the table. used primarily for vaginal examinations that require the use of a spectulum and for pap tests
knee-chest position
patient rest knees and chest on the table with the head turn to the side. arms can be placed under the head or to the sides of the table near the head. buttock is extended into the air with the back straight. used for protologic exams and for sigmoid, rectal, and occasionally vaginal exams
safeguards mandated by HIPAA
privacy, passwords, encryptions
manipulation during physical examination to gain information
the passive movement of a joint to determine the range of extension or flexion of a part of the body
how to prepare a patient for an exam
take their demographics, ask to empty their bladder, inform them what clothes to take off and what can stay on(assist as needed), and inform them on how to put the gown on
position for rectal and sigmoid exams
knee-chest and/or dorsal recumbent
position achieved by laying prone with the head down, knees bent, and buttocks elevated
knee-chest
_____ assesses a patients ability to detect sound
a tuning fork
trendelenburg
a position where the patient is lying on their back at a 15-30 degree angle, with feet elevated above the head. used during lower abdominal surgeries and central venous catheter placement
best method for moving a heavy object
always ask for help if it is to heavy, maintain correct body posture, get close and lift with the legs, feet should width apart
shock symptoms
pale, cold, clammy skin, shallow and rapid breathing, difficulty breathing, anxiety, rapid heart rate and irregularities, dry mouth, and low or dark urine
quickest and easiest way to check for skin turger
pinch the skin
know all the positions
fowler, semifowler, supine, dorsal recumbent, lithotomy, left lateral, prone, and knee chest
what term is often associated with measuring
mensuration
opthalmoscope
used to inspect the inner structures of the eye. a stainless steel handle containing batteries and an attached head, which has a light, magnifying lens, and an opening through which the eye is viewed
