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CMA > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

Obstetrics and Gynecology

1
Q

what is the initial prenatal visit?

A

a physical examination of the women’s overall health status, which includes vital signs, weight, and urinalysis. Then a provider performs an obstetric examination, which includes measurement of the height of the uterus, and an internal or pelvic examination. The estimated date of delivery(EDD) will be determined. A series of blood tests will also be performed

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2
Q

what are the different kinds of hormonal contraception?

A

birth control pills or patch, vaginal ring, Depo-Provera injections, and hormonal implants

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3
Q

OCP’s are used to treat what condition?

A

menstrual irregularities, PMS, anovulation, and PCOS

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4
Q

How should an MA educate a patient on the use of a diaphragm?

A
  1. examine the diaphragm before each use
    -holding it up to a light to examine for cracks or breaks
  2. place 1-2 tbsp of spermicidal jelly/ cream before insertion
  3. leave in place for 6 hours after the last intercourse
  4. after removal, wash with soap and water and allow to air dry
    have the diaphragm refitted if you gain or lose 10-15lbs, have a miscarriage, give birth, or undergo pelvic surgery, and if you have difficulty voiding or moving bowels with it in place
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5
Q

what is Depo-Provera?

A

an injectable contraceptive that contains high doses of progestin. Each dose prevents pregnancy for up to 3 months. Using for 2 years or longer may increase the risk of bone loss and the development of osteoporosis. Women using are not at risk for the side effects of estrogen exposure

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6
Q

what birth control has the highest failure rate?

A

the barrier methods; diaphragm, cervical cap or sponge has a failure rate of 2%-19%

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7
Q

what is the term for failure to have a menstrual period?

A

amennorrhea

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8
Q

what is gestational diabetes mellitus?

A

a condition that causes high blood sugar during pregnancy. It is diabetes that is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy

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9
Q

what are the reasons for HIV screening of all pregnant women?

A

if the result is positive, treatment for the mother greatly reduces the risk of transmission to the fetus

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10
Q

what is spina bifida?

A

a condition in which the spinal column has an abnormal opening that allows protrusion of the meninges or spinal column

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11
Q

what procedure requires legal protection for the provider?

A

an MA should stay in the room for a breast or pelvic exam

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12
Q

what is Rubella Titer?

A

a blood and laboratory test to determine whether the mother is immune to german measels. Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause multiple birth defects, including deafness, vision disorders, and intellectual disability

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13
Q

what is a colposcopy?

A

the visual examination of the vagina and cervical surfaces with a colposcope

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14
Q

what is LEEP?

A

Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure; local anesthetic is injected into the cervix, and a wire loop is inserted into the vagina. A high-frequency electrical current running through the wire is used to remove abnormal tissue from both the cervix and endocervical canal

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15
Q

what is conization?

A

a cone-shaped wedge of cervical tissue is removed for treatment and further analysis

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16
Q

what is ACHES?

A

an acronym for the serious side-effects of oral contraceptives.
A- abdominal pain; C-chest pain; H-headaches; E-eye problems; S-severe leg pain

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17
Q

what are the symptoms of premenopause and methods to help the symptoms?

A

hot flashes, concentration problems, mood swings, irritability, migraines, vaginal dryness, urinary incontinence, dry skin, and sleep disorders
Provider may prescribe low-dose oral contraceptives to balance estrogen and progesterone levels, or short-term HRT. May also recommend soy products and supplements for place based estrogen. Vitamin E may help with hot flashes, and Vitamin B6 may help create natural serotonin
Other methods include avoiding caffeine and spicy foods, using relaxation techniques, a low-fat diet high in calcium and vitamin C, and regular weight bearing exercise

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18
Q

what gynecologic history is the MA responsible for obtaining?

A

age at menarche, details of menstrual cycle(and date of the most recent) and any disturbances and the treatments for them, current indicators of infection, description of breast abnormalities, the date of the last mammogram and pap test, sexual history, the number of pregnancies, and the number of pregnancies past 20 weeks, and lifestyle factors

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19
Q

what is Gravida?

A

the term for the number of pregnancies disregarding if they were carried to full term

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20
Q

what is para?

A

the number of pregnancies that have gone to fetal viability(20 weeks)

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21
Q

what term describes a congenital absence of all or part of the brain?

A

anencephaly

22
Q

what term describes the protrusion of the meninges through the spinal column?

A

spina bifida

23
Q

what is PKU?

A

phenylketonuria; a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is responsible for converting phenylalanine into tyrosine

24
Q

what is hemophilia?

A

a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for coagulation

25
Q

what is cystic fibrosis(CF)?

A

a disorder that affects the exocrine cells but affects the respiratory system the most. Mucous is abnormally thick and blocks the alveoli, causing dyspnea

26
Q

what is down syndrome?

A

a genetic disorder in which abnormal cell division results in an extra chromosome 21

27
Q

what is sickle-cell anemia?

A

an inherited anemia characterized by cresent-shaped RBCs. It causes RBC’s to block the capillaries, reducing the oxygen supply to the cells

28
Q

what is pre-eclampsia?

A

a abnormal condition of pregnancy with unknown cause, marked by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria

29
Q

what is a plastic fronded broom used for?

A

a tool used to scrape cells off the cervix during an liquid based method for pap testing

30
Q

where are cells collected from for a maturation index?

A

the vaginal wall

31
Q

what solution is added to a slide with suspended trichomoniasis?

A

saline

32
Q

what are the barrier methods of contraception?

A

barrier methods either kill sperm or prevent them from entering the cervical os. They include the condom, diaphragm, and cervical cap or sponge

33
Q

what solution is added to a slide for suspended candidiasis?

A

10% solution of potassium hydroxide, it dissolves other cellular debris so the provider can see the yeast buds

34
Q

what contraceptives are usually prescribed for women with PMDD?

A

a combination of birth control pills containing estrogen and progestin

35
Q

what is cryotherapy, and why is it used?

A

the application of freezing temperatures to the cervix. May be used to treat chronic cervicitis and cervical erosion

36
Q

what are menses?

A

a menstrual cycle

37
Q

what is amenorrhea?

A

the lack of menstrual flow

38
Q

what is menarche?

A

the 1st menstrual period

39
Q

what is menopause?

A

the cessation of the menstrual cycle

40
Q

what is dysmenorrhea?

A

painful menstrual flow, cramps

41
Q

how many weeks is the fetal stage?

A

from the 9th-38th week

42
Q

how would a provider diagnose ovarian cancer?

A

a pelvic exam, ultrasound, computed tomography scan, and a cancer antigen blood 125 blood test

43
Q

how many years does an implantable birth control prevent pregnancy?

A

3 years

44
Q

what is premenopause?

A

begins when hormone-related changes start to appear, it lasts until the final menses; can be as long as 10 years

45
Q

HRT protects post menopausal women from?

A

osteoporosis, hip fracture, and colon cancer

46
Q

what is the advantage of using a colposcopy to collect a cervical biopsy?

A

the instrument permits visualization of the suspicious area so that the biopsy can be taken from the most atypical site

47
Q

the EDD is determined by?

A

the prenatal record including the first day of the last menstrual period

48
Q

what does the height of the fundus help measure?

A

the number of weeks pregnant for the 1st and 2nd trimester

49
Q

how are the results of a liquid based pap test reported?

A

the bethesda system

50
Q

what are the risks of Depo-Provera?

A

using for 2 years or longer increases the risk of bone loss and osteoporosis

51
Q

how long should the diaphragm be left in place after intercourse?

A

6 hours

CMA (16 decks)

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