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CMA > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

Urology and Male Reproduction

1
Q

what is pyelonephritis?

A

a urinary tract infection (UTI) of one or both kidneys. Prompt treatment is required to prevent kidney damage and septicemia

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2
Q

what is the term for excessive nitrogen compounds in the urine?

A

azoturia

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3
Q

what is hematuria?

A

blood in the urine

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4
Q

what is glycosuria?

A

glycose(sugar) in the urine

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5
Q

what brings blood into the glomerulus?

A

the afferent arterioles

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6
Q

what takes blood away from the glomerulus?

A

the efferent arterioles

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7
Q

what condition causes benign enlargement of the prostate gland in older men?

A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

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8
Q

what blood test is used to screen for prostate cancer?

A

Prostate-specific antigen blood test

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9
Q

what is the term for excessive urination?

A

polyuria

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10
Q

what is BUN, and what does it stand for?

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen; if kidney function is abnormal, the blood level of urea will be increased

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11
Q

what is VCUG?

A

voiding cystourethrogram: a minimally invasive test that involves flouroscopy to visualize the urinary tract and bladder

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12
Q

what is the term for pus in the urine?

A

pyuria

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13
Q

what is the term for the sudden uncontrolled need to urinate?

A

urgency

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14
Q

what is Escherichia Coli, and what does it cause?

A

a bacteria that is responsible for most UTI’s

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15
Q

with normal kidney function, what does not pass through the capillary walls and remains in the capillary?

A

white blood cells(WBC), red blood cells(RBC), and plasma proteins

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16
Q

what is filtration?

A

the first step in urine formation. A continual process that involves the renal corpuscle. Blood is brought to the kidneys by renal arteries, then the renal vein, and out of the kidney. Pressure is high in the glomerulus and this forces water and dissolved substances through the one-celled wall of the capillaries. The wall filters out the electrolytes, waste products, amino acids and glucose.

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17
Q

what is reabsorption?

A

substances move from the filtrate back into the blood into the peritubular capillaries. Reabsorption starts as filtrate moves out of the Bowman capsule and into the proximal tubule. When the filtrate moves into the Henle loop, the chloride and sodium ions move out of the filtrate and into the interstitial fluid and blood. Water, chloride, and sodium are reabsorbed into the blood as the filtrate passes through the distal tubule. The kidneys retain what is need to maintain homeostasis

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18
Q

what is secretion?

A

substances move from the blood to the filtrate. Urea moves back to the filtrate in the Henle loop. Ammonia, certain drugs, hydrogen, and potassium move from the blood to the filtrate. After the filtrate/urine leaves the collecting ducts the urine flows to the calyces and ureter before going through the rest of the urinary system

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19
Q

what are risk factors for bladder cancer?

A

smoking, chemical exposure, family history, some chemotherapy medications, and chronic bladder infections

20
Q

what is the etiology of acute cystitis?

A

most commonly caused by a bacterial infection, most commonly E. coli. Other causes include medications, radiation therapy, spermicidal jellies, and long-term catherizations

21
Q

what is another name for foreskin?

A

prepuce

22
Q

what procedure entails the insertion of a gloved finger into the rectum to palpate the prostate gland?

A

digital rectal exam

23
Q

what is vericocele?

A

enlargement of the veins in the scrotum

24
Q

what is testicular torsion?

A

twisting of the spermatic cord, causing the blood supply to be blocked from the testicles

25
Q

what is the name of the fluid filled sacs in the scrotum?

A

testicles

26
Q

what is BPH?

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

27
Q

what blood test is used to detect prostatic hyperplasia?

A

prostate-specific antigen(PSA) blood test

28
Q

what is TURP?

A

transurethral resection of the prostate surgery; a lighted scope is inserted into the urethra, and all but the outer part of the prostate is removed

29
Q

what is the term for the urethral opening at the top of the penis?

A

urinary meatus

30
Q

what is testosterone?

A

a hormone responsible for maintaining the reproductive structures and the development of sperm cells. It also aids in the development of male secondary sex characteristics

31
Q

what is Polycystic Kidney Disease(PKD)?

A

an inherited condition of cysts that form in the kidneys, causing the kidneys to enlarge

32
Q

what diagnostic test uses iodine?

A

intravenous pyelogram

33
Q

what is the recommended age for men to start testicular self exams(TSE)?

A

after puberty, around 15 years old

34
Q

what is the term for the condition of kidney stones?

A

renal calculi

35
Q

what is the medication classification of doxycycline(Doryx)?

A

tetracycline antibiotic

36
Q

what is the medication classification of levofloxacin?

A

flouroquinole antibiotic

37
Q

what is the medication classification of co-trimoxazole(Bactrim, Spetra)?

A

sulfonamide antibiotic

38
Q

what is the medication classification of tobramycin(Tobrex)?

A

animoglycoside antibiotic

39
Q

what is the medication classification of amoxicillin(Amoxil, Moxtag)?

A

penicillin antibiotic

40
Q

what is the medication classification of erythromycin(Ery-tab)?

A

macrolides antibiotic

41
Q

what is the medication classification of oxybutynin(Ditropan XC)?

A

antimuscarinic

42
Q

what is the medication classification of tolterodine(Detrol)?

A

antimuscarinic

43
Q

what is the medication classification of furosemide(Lasix)?

A

diuretic

44
Q

what is the medication classification of hydrochlorothiazide(Microzide, Oretic)?

A

diuretic

45
Q

what is the medication classification of sildenafil(Viagra, Revatio)?

A

erectile dysfunction agent

CMA (16 decks)

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