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CMA > Chapter 33-34 > Flashcards

Chapter 33-34 Flashcards

1
Q

Needle size most commonly used for adult venipuncture

A

A routine adult venipuncture usually requires a 20- to 21- gauge needle

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2
Q

Slant at the open end of the needle used for venipuncture

A

The bevel is the open end of the shaft, cut at an angle to create a sharp point

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3
Q

Anticoagulant that prevents platelets from clumping and preserves the appearance of blood cells

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacedic acid is the anticoagulant found in the lavender topped tubes. It prevents the blood from clotting and preserves the appearance of blood cells

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4
Q

Tube used for a glucose tolerance test

A

The grey topped tubes are used because the additives(potassium oxalate and sodium fluoride) prevent glucose from breaking down

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5
Q

What tube does not have an anticoagulant

A

The red-topped tubes

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6
Q

Hematology testing tubes

A

Lavender-topped tubes

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7
Q

Tourniquets are used for? And are tied for how long?

A

Tourniquets are used to prevent venous blood flow from the site, causing the veins to plump up. They should only be tied for no longer than 1 minute

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8
Q

Part of the needle that fits into the syringe or vacutainer adapter

A

The hub of the needle is designed to attach the needle to the vacutainer adapter or syringe

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9
Q

Leaving a tourniquet tied on a patients arm for longer than the recommended time can result in

A

Hemoconcentration and altered test results

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10
Q

A syringe is preferred over a vacutainer collection device when

A

When there is concern that the strong vacuum may collapse a vein

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11
Q

What color tube do you use for a complete blood count

A

Lavender topped tubes

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12
Q

What degree should a routine venipuncture be inserted

A

15 degree angle

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13
Q

A winged infusion set is also known as

A

A butterfly needle

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14
Q

Why should a tourniquet not be tied too tightly

A

The tourniquet should not be tied too tightly as it can restrict arterial blood flow, because the veins will not plump up

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15
Q

A hematoma is caused by

A

Excessive probing with the needle to locate the vein, failure to insert the needle far enough into the vein, and passing the needle through the vein

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16
Q

Most common phlebotomy site in adults

A

Veins in the antecubital area are the most commonly used for venipuncture

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17
Q

Liquid portion of whole blood that contains clotting factors

A

Plasma

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18
Q

A proper venipuncture tube for collecting a serum specimen

A

Marbled red-grey stopper/gold homogard top

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19
Q

What antiseptics would not be used when collecting a blood alcohol sample

A

Alcohol wipes

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20
Q

Additive that removes calcium to prevent blood from clotting in the tube

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacedic acid

21
Q

Which finger is usually used for a routine capillary puncture in adults and in children

A

Adults and children over 1 year, capillary puncture sites include the ring or middle finger

22
Q

OSHA recommendations

A

OSHA recommends using safety needles that are activated with one hand immediately after use

23
Q

CLSI standards

A

Gloves may be put on after veins palpatation but before preparation of the site, cleanse the area with fiction in a back and forth motion

24
Q

Order of Draw

A

Venipuncture: blood culture, light blue, red/gold, green, lavender, grey
Capillary: blood gas collection, blood smear, lavender top, green top, red/gold

25
Q

Color of the tube for a coagulation test

A

Light blue

26
Q

Technique for performing a venipuncture

A

Palpate a vein in the antecubital area, apply the tourniquet 3-4 inches above the elbow, cleanse the puncture site, anchor the vein, smoothly and quickly insert the needle with the bevel facing up, push he evacuated tube onto the double pointed needle with the non dominant hand

27
Q

Normal hemoglobin for a female

A

11.6-15g/dL

28
Q

An increase in RBC count in found in

A

Patients with dehydration, polycythemia, severe burns, and those living in high altitudes

29
Q

Properly prepared wedge smear

A

A good wedge smear should cover 1/2-3/4 of the slide, show a gradual transition from thick to a thin end with a feathered edge, it should have a smooth appearance, and on microscopic examination the cells should be evenly distributed

30
Q

Abnormal value for a differential in an adult

A

Anything outside of 3400-9600/mm^3

31
Q

ESR test results

A

Normal values for males under 64: 0-15mm/hr
Normal values for males under 64 and females: 0-20mm/hr
A lower than normal results is not considered significant, but a higher than normal test results is because it indicates the presence of inflammation in the body

32
Q

BUN

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen; the normal values are 7-18mg/dL or 2.5-6.4mmol/L; metabolic product of catabolism; used to detect renal disease

33
Q

A1c

A

Hemoglobin A1c is also referred to as glycosylated hemoglobin. It is the result of glucose irreversibly binding to the hemoglobin molecules in the RBC. A1c test is performed every 3 months. Normal A1c ranges from 4-5.6%

34
Q

Immature neutrophil

A

Bands; have a horseshoe-shaped nucleus. An increase in bands is sen with severe bacterial infection, some types of leukemia, and inflammatory conditions; normal range is 0%-7% in adults

35
Q

Assesses kidney function

A

Albumin test

36
Q

A large number of RBC show what condition

A

Dehydration or polycythemia

37
Q

Used to assess kidney parathyroid function

A

Calcium test

38
Q

TSH levels are assessed to determine the function of

A

The thyroid and pituitary gland function

39
Q

What makes up 55% of blood volume

A

Plasma

40
Q

Leukocytes associated with allergies

A

Eosinophils and Basophils

41
Q

Universal donor blood type

A

Type O blood

42
Q

T cells and B cells are a subclassification of what

A

Lymphocytes

43
Q

Basophils

A

Have a dark blue/purple granules. Granules contain histamine, which is involved in the inflammatory response. Help in the destruction of allergens by releasing enzymes to help control asthma attacks and allergic reactions. Has natural anticoagulant properties. They make up about 0.5%-1% of WBCs in an adult

44
Q

Fasting blood glucose

A

A blood sample is taken from a patient with type 2 diabetes after a fast of 10-12 hours. Normal values are within 70-99mg/dL and is used to detect disorders of glucose metabolism

45
Q

Using capillary blood from a finger stick, the Cholestech LDX analyzer is capable of measuring what

A

CLIA waived cholesterol monitors can measure total cholesterol from a finger stick specimen. The Cholestech LDX analyzer performs a lipid panel and provides a risk assessment. It measures glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, the TC/HDL. It uses a combination of testing methods to detect the color changes caused by each of the lipid panel analytes

46
Q

Platelets

A

Small, irregularly shaped and vary in size. They have a life span of about 10 days and are involved in blood clotting. Normal platelet count for an adult is 150,000-450,000/mm^3. The number of platelets can indicate certain conditions, and can be used to monitor the effects of treatments, like chemotherapy

47
Q

An ESR test can indicate what infections

A

Acute and chronic infections, such as tuberculosis and hepatitis. Autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis,lupus erythematosus, and rheumatic fever. Multiple myeloma and other types of cancers

48
Q

Centrifuge

A

Removing serum from the clot tube requires centrifugation. The tube must be centrifuged at a specified g-force, time, and temperature. For plasma tests, the plasma must be removed from the cells ASAP. This can be done by centrifuging the tube and aspirating the plasma off the cells

49
Q

Polycythemia

A

A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of RBCs in the blood

CMA (16 decks)

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