Chapter 33-34 Flashcards
Needle size most commonly used for adult venipuncture
A routine adult venipuncture usually requires a 20- to 21- gauge needle
Slant at the open end of the needle used for venipuncture
The bevel is the open end of the shaft, cut at an angle to create a sharp point
Anticoagulant that prevents platelets from clumping and preserves the appearance of blood cells
Ethylenediaminetetraacedic acid is the anticoagulant found in the lavender topped tubes. It prevents the blood from clotting and preserves the appearance of blood cells
Tube used for a glucose tolerance test
The grey topped tubes are used because the additives(potassium oxalate and sodium fluoride) prevent glucose from breaking down
What tube does not have an anticoagulant
The red-topped tubes
Hematology testing tubes
Lavender-topped tubes
Tourniquets are used for? And are tied for how long?
Tourniquets are used to prevent venous blood flow from the site, causing the veins to plump up. They should only be tied for no longer than 1 minute
Part of the needle that fits into the syringe or vacutainer adapter
The hub of the needle is designed to attach the needle to the vacutainer adapter or syringe
Leaving a tourniquet tied on a patients arm for longer than the recommended time can result in
Hemoconcentration and altered test results
A syringe is preferred over a vacutainer collection device when
When there is concern that the strong vacuum may collapse a vein
What color tube do you use for a complete blood count
Lavender topped tubes
What degree should a routine venipuncture be inserted
15 degree angle
A winged infusion set is also known as
A butterfly needle
Why should a tourniquet not be tied too tightly
The tourniquet should not be tied too tightly as it can restrict arterial blood flow, because the veins will not plump up
A hematoma is caused by
Excessive probing with the needle to locate the vein, failure to insert the needle far enough into the vein, and passing the needle through the vein
Most common phlebotomy site in adults
Veins in the antecubital area are the most commonly used for venipuncture
Liquid portion of whole blood that contains clotting factors
Plasma
A proper venipuncture tube for collecting a serum specimen
Marbled red-grey stopper/gold homogard top
What antiseptics would not be used when collecting a blood alcohol sample
Alcohol wipes
Additive that removes calcium to prevent blood from clotting in the tube
Ethylenediaminetetraacedic acid
Which finger is usually used for a routine capillary puncture in adults and in children
Adults and children over 1 year, capillary puncture sites include the ring or middle finger
OSHA recommendations
OSHA recommends using safety needles that are activated with one hand immediately after use
CLSI standards
Gloves may be put on after veins palpatation but before preparation of the site, cleanse the area with fiction in a back and forth motion
Order of Draw
Venipuncture: blood culture, light blue, red/gold, green, lavender, grey
Capillary: blood gas collection, blood smear, lavender top, green top, red/gold
Color of the tube for a coagulation test
Light blue
Technique for performing a venipuncture
Palpate a vein in the antecubital area, apply the tourniquet 3-4 inches above the elbow, cleanse the puncture site, anchor the vein, smoothly and quickly insert the needle with the bevel facing up, push he evacuated tube onto the double pointed needle with the non dominant hand
Normal hemoglobin for a female
11.6-15g/dL
An increase in RBC count in found in
Patients with dehydration, polycythemia, severe burns, and those living in high altitudes
Properly prepared wedge smear
A good wedge smear should cover 1/2-3/4 of the slide, show a gradual transition from thick to a thin end with a feathered edge, it should have a smooth appearance, and on microscopic examination the cells should be evenly distributed
Abnormal value for a differential in an adult
Anything outside of 3400-9600/mm^3
ESR test results
Normal values for males under 64: 0-15mm/hr
Normal values for males under 64 and females: 0-20mm/hr
A lower than normal results is not considered significant, but a higher than normal test results is because it indicates the presence of inflammation in the body
BUN
Blood Urea Nitrogen; the normal values are 7-18mg/dL or 2.5-6.4mmol/L; metabolic product of catabolism; used to detect renal disease
A1c
Hemoglobin A1c is also referred to as glycosylated hemoglobin. It is the result of glucose irreversibly binding to the hemoglobin molecules in the RBC. A1c test is performed every 3 months. Normal A1c ranges from 4-5.6%
Immature neutrophil
Bands; have a horseshoe-shaped nucleus. An increase in bands is sen with severe bacterial infection, some types of leukemia, and inflammatory conditions; normal range is 0%-7% in adults
Assesses kidney function
Albumin test
A large number of RBC show what condition
Dehydration or polycythemia
Used to assess kidney parathyroid function
Calcium test
TSH levels are assessed to determine the function of
The thyroid and pituitary gland function
What makes up 55% of blood volume
Plasma
Leukocytes associated with allergies
Eosinophils and Basophils
Universal donor blood type
Type O blood
T cells and B cells are a subclassification of what
Lymphocytes
Basophils
Have a dark blue/purple granules. Granules contain histamine, which is involved in the inflammatory response. Help in the destruction of allergens by releasing enzymes to help control asthma attacks and allergic reactions. Has natural anticoagulant properties. They make up about 0.5%-1% of WBCs in an adult
Fasting blood glucose
A blood sample is taken from a patient with type 2 diabetes after a fast of 10-12 hours. Normal values are within 70-99mg/dL and is used to detect disorders of glucose metabolism
Using capillary blood from a finger stick, the Cholestech LDX analyzer is capable of measuring what
CLIA waived cholesterol monitors can measure total cholesterol from a finger stick specimen. The Cholestech LDX analyzer performs a lipid panel and provides a risk assessment. It measures glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, the TC/HDL. It uses a combination of testing methods to detect the color changes caused by each of the lipid panel analytes
Platelets
Small, irregularly shaped and vary in size. They have a life span of about 10 days and are involved in blood clotting. Normal platelet count for an adult is 150,000-450,000/mm^3. The number of platelets can indicate certain conditions, and can be used to monitor the effects of treatments, like chemotherapy
An ESR test can indicate what infections
Acute and chronic infections, such as tuberculosis and hepatitis. Autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis,lupus erythematosus, and rheumatic fever. Multiple myeloma and other types of cancers
Centrifuge
Removing serum from the clot tube requires centrifugation. The tube must be centrifuged at a specified g-force, time, and temperature. For plasma tests, the plasma must be removed from the cells ASAP. This can be done by centrifuging the tube and aspirating the plasma off the cells
Polycythemia
A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of RBCs in the blood
