Chapter 35 Flashcards
What is considered a microorganism
Bacterium, Protozoa, fungi, and parasites. Some definitions include viruses
Escherichia Coli
A microorganism that reproduces about every 30 minutes, to produce about 3.5 trillion offspring in 24hrs
Coli indicates
The species of bacteria
Pure culture
The growth of only one microorganism in a culture or on a nutrient surface
What temperature are pathogenic organisms viable at
They prefer body temperature (37C-98.6F) but will remain viable at room temperature or refrigerator temperatures(4C-39.2) for 72 hours
The diagnosis of a helminth infection requires
Microscopic examination of feces and patient signs and symptoms
Sensitivity testing is used to determine
Which specific antibiotics work best against the particular infective pathogen
Facultative anaerobe
Bacteria that are flexible regarding their oxygen needs; they can survive in the presence of oxygen but prefer not to
Spirilla
Spiral-shaped bacteria
Gram-negative organisms transmitted by blood sucking insects
Rickettsia
Organisms that are unlikely to be transmitted by airborne droplets
Treponema Pallidum
An organism that is unlikely to be transmitted by through sexual contact
Clostridium botulinum
What color indicates gram positive bacteria
Deep blue/violet
Gram reactions to bacteria are a result of
The cell wall compositions
A term that means “in glass” or “in the laboratory”
In vitro
Classification of fungi
Eukaryote
A UTI can be diagnosed if a CCMS urine specimen is found in pure culture and is present in a quantity greater than ______ of urine.
100,000 ofu/mL
CLIA waived test that assists in the diagnosis of stomach and duodenal ulcers
Helicobacter pylori testing
Staphylo-
Used when bacteria are in a grape like formation
Pneumocystis pneumonia is caused by
Pneumocystis jiroveci, and is transmitted by contact with animals, most likely in immunocompromised patients, common in AIDS patients
Beta hemolysis
Complete clearing of the agar around the colonies that is caused by a toxin produced by S. Pyogenes. The toxin breaks down red blood cells in the agar, causing it to be a clear golden color around the colonies
A urine culture lists 8 antibodies, five of which are followed by the “s”, which means
The pathogen is susceptible, or that the antibiotic is effective in destroying that particular organism
S.R.I.
S: the pathogen is susceptible
R: the pathogen is resistant to
I: intermediate or additional testing is needed
Spiral shaped bacteria are called
Spirilla
Anaerobe
Bacteria that die in the presence of oxygen
Bacteria are classified as
Prokaryote, gram positive, gram negative, acid-fast, cocci, bacilli, spirilla, anaerobes, facultative anaerobes
Molecules needed for metabolism
Macromolecules
Specific structures inside a cell that perform cellular functions
Organelles
When writing the name of a microorganism, what rule applies to the genus
The first name and is always capitalized
A cellulose tape test for pinworms requires
Placing the tape over a tongue depressor with sticky side out, press the tape on the right and left anal folds, place the tape with sticky side down on a microscope slide
Bacilli are
Rod-shaped bacteria
What color indicates a gram negative bacteria
Pinkish red
Color for acid fast stain in bacteria
Pink
Strepto-
Used when bacteria is in a chain formation
Diplo-
Used when bacteria are found in pairs
CLIA waived test that assists in the diagnosis of Lyme disease
Wampole PreVue B. Burgdorferi
Know the kinds of sputum tests
Legionella, acid fast bacillus, and gram stain for bacteria or fungal infections
How is a nasal specimen inserted
The swab is inserted no more than 1/2 inch into the nostril
Know about a mid-turbinate nasal specimen
The patients head should be tilted back about 70 degrees and the swab inserted parallel to the nostril floor until resistance is met at the nasal turbinates
How long should a person avoid food before giving a sputum specimen
1-2 hours
Organism that causes whooping cough
Bordetella pertussis
Organism that causes tetanus or lockjaw
Clostridium tetani
Mumps and measles are caused by
Paramyxovirus
What term means “able to live and grow”
Viable
Endospore
An inactive form of certain bacteria that can withstand poor environmental conditions. When conditions improve, the bacteria become functional again
Define asexual
Reproduction that does not involve the fusion of male and female sex cells
Mold
The growth of tiny fungi forming on a substance
Binary fission
Asexual reproduction in single-cell organisms during which one cell divides into two daughter cells
Vectors
Arthropod that carries disease and transmits to another organism through a blood meal
Screening test for colon cancer
Fecal immunochemical test/ immunochemical fecal occult blood test
