Chapters 17 & 18 vocab

Question 1

Hardy-Weinberg principle

Answer 1

The principle that states that the frequency of alleles in a population does not change over generations unless outside forces act on the population

Question 2

Developmental genes

Answer 2

Genes that tell an organism when and where to place body structures

Question 3

Paleontologist

Answer 3

Scientists who study bones of dead, old organisms/ fossils

Question 4

Artificial selection

Answer 4

The selective breeding of organisms by humans for specific characteristics

Question 5

Reproductive Isolation

Answer 5

The inability of members of a population to successfully interbreed with members of another population of the same or related species

Question 6

Geologic Time Scale

Answer 6

Developed to tell what happened throughout time using dating (radioactive and relative)

Question 7

Convergent evolution

Answer 7

The process by which unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same environment

Question 8

Descent with modification

Answer 8

Basically evolution

Question 9

Adaptation

Answer 9

The process of becoming more adapted for the environment

Question 10

Geographic Isolation

Answer 10

The physical separation of populations due to geographic barriers to prevent interbreeding

Question 11

Homologous Structures

Answer 11

Anatomical structures in one species, that look similar to that of another species while they are embryos (because they came from a common ancestor)

Question 12

Behavioral isolation

Answer 12

A reproductive barrier based on behavior, usually in the form of mating rituals and signals that attract mates. This may be one of the most important factors in determining whether closely related species mate with each other or not.

Question 13

Vestigial Structures

Answer 13

A structure in an organism that is reduced in size and function that may have been necessary to past ancestors

Question 14

Extinct

Answer 14

When an entire species dies

Question 15

Half-life

Answer 15

The amount of time it takes for half the radioactive isotopes of a sample to decay

Question 16

Macroevolution

Answer 16

An evolutionary change that takes place over a long period of time

Question 17

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 17

A model of evolution in which short periods of drastic change in space are separated by long periods of little or no change (including mass extinctions and speciation)
)

Question 18

Radioactive Dating

Answer 18

Using the half-lives of isotopes to determine the age of a fossil

Question 19

Reproduce

Answer 19

To create offspring

Question 20

Index fossils

Answer 20

A fossil of an organism that lived in many places but only for a short period of time. It’s used in relative dating.

Question 21

Survival of the fittest

Answer 21

The differentiation between surviving and reproducing

Question 22

Temporal isolation

Answer 22

When an evolutionary mechanism prevents individuals of different species from interbreeding (ex: reproducing at different times of the year)

Question 23

Fitness

Answer 23

The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce (*)

Question 24

Coevolution

Answer 24

The ovulation of two or more species that is due to mutual influence (one changes so the other changes), eventually causing the species to become more alike

Question 25

Eras

Answer 25

The longest time periods of the Geologic Time Scale

Question 26

Fossil Record

Answer 26

All of the fossils that have been found and their age determined

Question 27

Common descent

Answer 27

Sharing a common ancestor

Question 28

Speciation

Answer 28

The formation of a new species due to evolution (a species branches off into new ones)

Question 29

Relative Dating

Answer 29

Dating based on the surrounding layers and index fossils

Question 30

Isotopes

Answer 30

Their half-lives are used in radioactive dating to determine the age of an organism

Question 31

Isolated

Answer 31

To be alone

Question 32

Extinct

Answer 32

When an entire species dies

Question 33

Half-life

Answer 33

The amount of time it takes for half the radioactive isotopes of a sample to decay

Question 34

Macroevolution

Answer 34

An evolutionary change that takes place over a long period of time

Question 35

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 35

A model of evolution in which short periods of drastic change in space are separated by long periods of little or no change (including mass extinctions and speciation)
)

Question 36

Radioactive Dating

Answer 36

Using the half-lives of isotopes to determine the age of a fossil

Question 37

Reproduce

Answer 37

To create offspring

Question 38

Index fossils

Answer 38

A fossil of an organism that lived in many places but only for a short period of time. It’s used in relative dating.

Question 39

Survival of the fittest

Answer 39

The differentiation between surviving and reproducing

Question 40

Temporal isolation

Answer 40

When an evolutionary mechanism prevents individuals of different species from interbreeding (ex: reproducing at different times of the year)

Question 41

Fitness

Answer 41

The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce (*)

Question 42

Coevolution

Answer 42

The ovulation of two or more species that is due to mutual influence (one changes so the other changes), eventually causing the species to become more alike

Question 43

Eras

Answer 43

The longest time periods of the Geologic Time Scale

Question 44

Fossil Record

Answer 44

All of the fossils that have been found and their age determined

Question 45

Common descent

Answer 45

Sharing a common ancestor

Question 46

Speciation

Answer 46

The formation of a new species due to evolution (a species branches off into new ones)

Question 47

Relative Dating

Answer 47

Dating based on the surrounding layers and index fossils

Question 48

Isotopes

Answer 48

Their half-lives are used in radioactive dating to determine the age of an organism

Question 49

Isolated

Answer 49

To be alone