Biology Final- Mitosis/ cell cycle Flashcards
How many stages of mitosis are there?
4
What are the stages of cell division?
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, and M phase
What happens during G1?
It’s a period of activity in which cells do most of their growing. During this phase, cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles
What happens during S phase?
Chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis of DNA molecules takes place. Key proteins associated with the chromosomes are also synthesized during the S phase. Once a cell enters the S phase and begins the replication of its chromosomes, it has reached the point of no return.
What happens during G2 phase?
Many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced. When the events of the G2 phase are completed, the cell is ready to enter mitosis.
What is the shortest of the phases of interphase?
G2 is usually the shortest of the 3 phases of interphase
What are the 3 phases of interphase?
G1, S, and G2 phases
What happens during prophase?
The chromatin condensed into the chromosomes. The centrioles separate, and a spindle begins to form. The nuclear envelopes begin to break down.
What phase takes up to 50%-60% of the total time required to complete mitosis?
Prophase takes up the majority of the time it takes to complete mitosis.
What happens during metaphase?
The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber at its centromere
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?
Metaphase
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope break down?
Prophase
What is the order of mitosis?
PMAT
What happens during anaphase?
The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart but the centrioles
What are centrioles?
Centrioles are two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope, separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus.
