Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

High School Biology > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does cellular respiration accomplish?

A

It causes ATP to release energy for cellular metabolic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the energy from cellular respiration used to do?

A

Active transport of molecules across the cell membrane, protein synthesis, and muscle contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6H1206+6O2&raquo_space; 6CO2+6H2O+energy (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of process is cellular respiration overall? (Aerobic or anaerobic)

A

It’s aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define aerobic

A

It means it requires the presence of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define anaerobic

A

Something that doesn’t require the presence of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What types of “trophs” undergo Cellular respiration?

A

Both heterotrophs and autotroph’s undergo cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three major steps of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Anaerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is the Krebs cycle anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is the electron transport chain anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are three energy carriers in cellular respiration?

A

ATP, NADH, and FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What part of the cell does glycolysis take place in?

A

In the cytoplasm of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the net production of ATP during glycolysis?

A

2 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many ATP does it take to start glycolysis?

A

2 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many ATP molecules does glycolysis make?

A

4 molecules but it takes 2 of those molecules of ATP for the cycle of glycolysis to start over again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the resulting NADH from glycolysis go?

A

To the electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does one reaction of glycolysis do involving the production of NADH?

A

One reaction of glycolysis removes four high energy electrons, passing them to an electron carrier called
NAD+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does NAD+ turn into NADH during glycolysis?

A

Each NAD+ accepts a pair of high-energy electrons and becomes an NADH molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the main goal of glycolysis?

A

To create pyruvic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do the Pyruvic acid molecules go to after glycolysis?

A

The Krebs cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What’s another name for the Krebs cycle?

A

The citric acid cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where do the two net ATP molecules go to after glycolysis?

A

They’re just usable energy for the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If oxygen is present, then what happens after glycolysis?

A

The Krebs cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If oxygen is not present, then what happens after glycolysis?

A

Fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is one advantage of glycolysis?

A

The process of glycolysis is so fast that cells can produce thousands of ATP molecules in a few milliseconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are 2 names for what happens before the Krebs cycle and after glycolysis?

A

Pre-Krebs cycle or Acetyl-CoA

28
Q

Before pyruvic acid enters the Krebs cycle, what happens?

A

It combines with an enzyme called Coenzyme A (CoA) to produce a molecule of Acetyl CoA

29
Q

What is Acetyl CoA?

A

It’s a molecule produced by almost all nutrients (carbs, proteins, lipids, etc) before entering the Krebs cycle

30
Q

What is the pathway to the Krebs cycle?

A

It goes from:

Glycolysis > Pyruvic acid > Acetyl CoA > Krebs cycle

31
Q

What is the Krebs cycle?

A

It’s a cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off CO2 and produce 1ATP per cycle

32
Q

How many times is the Krebs cycle have to turn per glucose molecule?

A

It has to turn twice for every one glucose molecule

33
Q

How many ATP does the Krebs cycle produce?

A

2

34
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

A

In the inner membrane of the mitochondria

35
Q

What does Acetyl CoA combine with and what does it form? (during the Krebs cycle)

A

Acetyl CoA combines with a four carbon molecule to make a molecule citric acid

36
Q

What is citric acid used for in the Krebs cycle?

A

It is broken down in several steps which provides energy to make NADH, FADH2, and ATP

37
Q

What 2 things are removed during the Krebs cycle? What do they do?

A

One carbon molecule is removed which forms CO2

Electrons are removed, which changes NAD+ to NADH

38
Q

What does coenzyme A join during the Krebs cycle and what does it form?

A

Coenzyme A joins the two carbon molecule which forms Acetyl CoA

39
Q

What happens to the Acetyl CoA that is formed when Coenzyme A joins the two carbon molecule? (In the Krebs cycle)

A

Acetyl CoA then add the 2-carbon Acetyl group to a 4-carbon compound, which forms citric acid

40
Q

What is a byproduct of the Krebs cycle?

A

Carbon dioxide

41
Q

What is the ETC? (Electron transport chain)

A

It’s a series of proteins located in the mitochondrial membrane

42
Q

What does the ETC use high-energy electrons for?

A

It uses high-energy electrons from the NADH and FADH2 provided by the Krebs cycle to move H+ protons across the concentration gradient

43
Q

Why are the H+ protons moved down the concentration gradient? How? (ETC)

A

These hydrogen protons pass back down the concentration gradient through the ATP synthase to form ATP

44
Q

What is the ETC in cellular respiration similar to?

A

It’s similar to the ETC in the light reactions of photosynthesis

45
Q

What is used as the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC?

A

Oxygen

46
Q

Describe the role of oxygen as an electron acceptor in the ETC

A

Oxygen receives electrons and hydrogen ions and produces a molecule of water

47
Q

Where do high-energy electrons in the ETC come from?

A

NADH and FADH2

48
Q

High-energy electrons passed down from _____ to _____ during the ETC

A

High-energy electrons are passed along the electron transport chain from one carrier protein to the next during the ETC

49
Q

When high energy electrons move down the electron transport chain, what is their energy used for?

A

To move hydrogen ions across the membrane

50
Q

Is the inter-membrane space positively charged or negatively charged? (Hint: it’s filled with H+ ions)

A

It’s positively charged

51
Q

What does the enzyme do as the ATP synthase rotates?

A

As the ATP synthase rotates, the enzyme grabs a low energy ADP, attaching a phosphate to it and forming a high energy ATP

52
Q

What is a byproduct of the ETC?

A

Water (H2O)

53
Q

How many ATP is produced from the ETC?

A

34 ATP

54
Q

When does fermentation happen?

A

When oxygen is not present, the products of glycolysis (pyruvic acid and NADH) enter an alternative process called fermentation

55
Q

Give an example when fermentation can happen in the human body

A

When someone is conducting a high-level of activity and breathing doesn’t supply enough air for the cells’ activities

56
Q

Where does fermentation occur in a cell?

A

In the cytosol of a cell

57
Q

What are the two main types of fermentation?

A

Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation

58
Q

When does lactic acid fermentation happen?

A

When Pyruvic acid that accumulates as a result of glycolysis is converted into lactic acid

59
Q

What is the purpose of lactic acid fermentation?

A

To regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue

60
Q

What is the equation for lactic acid fermentation after glycolysis?

A

Pyruvic acid + NADH&raquo_space; Lactic acid + NAD+

61
Q

Besides animals and humans, when can lactic acid fermentation happen?

A

It can happen in some bacteria and molds

62
Q

What are two edible products of lactic acid fermentation?

A

Different flavored cheese and yogurt

63
Q

What types of organisms use alcoholic fermentation? What are their waste products?

A

Many yeasts and plants, which forms ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as wastes

64
Q

What is the purpose of alcoholic fermentation?

A

It uses the products of glycolysis (NADH and Pyruvic acid) to provide enough NAD+ and ATP for glycolysis to continue

65
Q

What is the chemical equation for alcoholic fermentation after glycolysis?

A

Pyruvic acid + NADH&raquo_space; Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

High School Biology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions