Cell Cycle/ Chapter 8 Test

Question 1

What is the longest phase of mitosis?

Answer 1

Prophase

Question 2

What are the 2 major stages of cell division?

Answer 2

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 3

What does a chromosome consist of?

Answer 3

2 identical chromatids

Question 4

How is a pair of chromatids attached to each other?

Answer 4

With a centromere

Question 5

What is interphase?

Answer 5

The period of cell growth that occurs between cell divisions

Question 6

Summarize the cell cycle in 3 sentences/bullet points

Answer 6

The cell grows.
It prepares for division.
Divides to form 2 daughter cells, each of which begins the cycle again.

Question 7

What are the 4 phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 7

G1 (First Gap Phase)
S Phase
G2 (Second Gap Phase)
M Phase (mitosis)

Question 8

What happens during G1?

Answer 8

The cell increases in size and synthesizes new proteins and organelles

Question 9

What happens during the S phase?

Answer 9

Chromosomes and key proteins are replicated and DNA synthesis takes place

Question 10

Where is the point of no return?

Answer 10

At the beginning of the S phase when chromosomes begin being replicated

Question 11

What happens in G2?

Answer 11

The organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced

Question 12

What are the phases of mitosis in order?

Answer 12

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

Question 13

What happens during prophase?

Answer 13

The centrioles separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus
The centrosome helps organize the spindle, a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes

Question 14

What makes up a centrosome?

Answer 14

2 centrioles (and microtubules)

Question 15

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 15

The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and

microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of the spindle

Question 16

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 16

The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes. The chromosomes continue to move until they have separated into 2 groups

Question 17

What happens during telophase?

Answer 17

Chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shape. The cell looks kind of like an 8.

Question 18

What happens during cytokinesis?

Answer 18

During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm pinches in half. Also, each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicate chromosomes

Question 19

How many chromosomes does a cell in the human body have?

Answer 19

46 chromosomes

Question 20

What is the order of the cell cycle?

Answer 20

G1 (First Gap Phase)
S Phase
G2 (Second Gap Phase)
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

Question 21

When does the nuclear envelope form?

Answer 21

During Telophase

Question 22

What’s inside the nuclear envelope during Interphase + Cytokinesis?

Answer 22

Chromatin

Question 23

When do cells stop reproducing and growing?

Answer 23

When they run out of space/ come in contact with other cells

Question 24

What regulates the cell cycle?

Answer 24

A protein called cyclin

Question 25

What changes amount of cyclin in the cell?

Answer 25

The amount of cyclin changes throughout the stages cell cycle

Question 26

What does cyclin do?

Answer 26

It regulates the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

Question 27

What is contact inhibition?

Answer 27

A fancy word for the the fact that cells stop reproducing and growing when there’s no more room left

Question 28

What does an internal regulator do?

Answer 28

Internal regulators allow the cell cycle to proceed (into mitosis) only when certain processes have happened inside the cell

Question 29

What is an external regulator and what does it do?

Answer 29

They’re proteins that respond to events outside the cell. External regulators direct cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle.

Question 30

What is cancer?

Answer 30

Cancer is a disorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose the ability to control growth

Question 31

What makes cancer so dangerous?

Answer 31

Cancer cells divide uncontrollably and form masses of cells called tumors that can damage the surrounding tissues

Question 32

What can cancer cells do when they break away from the main tumor? What does it cause?

Answer 32

Cancer cells may break loose from tumors and spread throughout the body, disrupting normal activities and causing serious medical problems or even death