Biology Final- People

Question 1

Who is Darwin/ what did observe?

Answer 1

A dude who went to the Galapagos in 1831 on the HMS Beagle and observed that although the islands were close together, they have wildly different climates. Darwin wondered if all the different species he found on the islands were once members of the same species

Question 2

Who shaped Darwin’s thinking?

Answer 2

Hutton and Lyell

Question 3

What did Hutton and Lyell do?

Answer 3

Hutton and Lyell helped scientists recognize that Earth is many millions of years old, and the processes that changed Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present

Question 4

How did Hutton and Lyell’s discoveries influence Darwin?

Answer 4

This understanding of geology made Darwin realize that if the Earth could change over time, life might change as well; and it would have taken many years for life to change in the way Lyell suggested; and that this would have been possible only if the Earth was extremely old

Question 5

Who was the first one to realize that living things have changed over time, all species were descended from other species, and that organisms were adapted to their environments?

Answer 5

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Question 6

What did Jean-Baptiste Lamarck recognize?

Answer 6

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck recognized that living things have changed over time, all species were descended from other species, and that organisms were adapted to their environments

Question 7

Who helped scientists recognize that Earth is many millions of years old, and the processes that changed Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present?

Answer 7

Hutton and Lyell

Question 8

By selective use or disuse of organs, organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime. These traits could then be passed on their offspring. Over time, this process led to change in a species. Who proposed this?

Answer 8

Lamarck

Question 9

What did Lamarck propose?

Answer 9

Lamarck proposed that by selective use or disuse of organs, organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime. These traits could then be passed on their offspring. Over time, this process led to change in a species.

Question 10

What are some flaws in Llamarck’s proposal?

Answer 10

Flaws:
	Ø Tendency toward perfection
	Ø Use and disuse
	Ø How traits are inherited
	Ø That an organism's behavior that has no effect on its heritable characteristics

Question 11

Who reasoned that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone?

Answer 11

Malthus

Question 12

What did Malthus reason?

Answer 12

That if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone

Question 13

In his book, what did Darwin say?

Answer 13

In his book, Darwin:
Ø Proposed a mechanism for evolution called natural selection
Ø Presented evidence that evolution has been taking place for millions of years- and continues in all living things

Question 14

Who proposed a mechanism for evolution called natural selection and presented evidence that evolution has been taking place for millions of years- and continues in all living things?

Answer 14

Darwin said this in his book, The Origin or Species

Question 15

Who came up with the term “artificial selection”?

Answer 15

Darwin

Question 16

Who developed a scientific hypothesis to explain how evolution occurs by comparing processes in nature to artificial selection?

Answer 16

Darwin

Question 17

Who realized that high birth rates and a shortage of life’s basic needs would force organisms to compete for resources?

Answer 17

Darwin

Question 18

Who proposed that fitness is the result of adaptations?

Answer 18

Darwin

Question 19

Who argued that living things have been evolving on Earth for millions of years and what was some evidence to prove this?

Answer 19

Darwin 
Evidence for this includes:
	Ø The fossil record
	Ø Geographical distribution
	Ø Homologous structures
	Ø Similarities in early development, or embryology

Question 20

Who discovered the idea of descent with modification?

Answer 20

Darwin