Chapters 12 - 14 Test Review Flashcards
plants and algae belong to what kingdoms?
plant and protist.
what are some things algae and plants have in common?
they both have a cell wall and they both photosynthesize.
what are the key differences between algae and plants?
algae = single celled, no tissues, mostly aquatic.
plant = 1 or more celled organisms, all have tissues or higher, most live on land.
what is a non vascular plant?
a plant that lived near water, water is transferred from cell to cell. (osmosis)
what is a vascular plant?
a plant that lives anywhere, they have tube-like structures to transport water. (xylem)
what are the two stages of plant reproduction?
asexual and sexual.
what is a sporophyte and what does it do?
it is a young plant. it grows from the embryo and later becomes a plant.
what is a gametophyte and what does it produce?
spores that grow into gameophytes and produce egg and sperm cells.
what is an embryo and how is it made?
the place where sperm and egg cells fuse together to make a sporophyte. when sperm and eggs cell combine to make an embryo.
what is photosynthesis and where does it occur in a plant? in a leaf?
Photosynthesis is when plants take in sunlight through the leaves to make/store energy. it happens in the mesophyll.
what is a gymnosperm and does it reproduce?
a gymnosperm is aslant that uses seed and pollen (/cones) to reproduce by letting the pollen drop into the seed or the cone.
what is pollen?
sperm contained in a protective coating. (from a plant)
what is a seed?
an embryo packaged in a protective coating often with energy supply
what is an angiosperm and how does it reproduce?
an angiosperm is a flowering plant. it is pollenated by bees, insects and birds to reproduce.
what are the female parts of a flower and can you recognize them (see diagram)?
the pistils (aka) the female reproductive parts of a flower consist the ovary, the style, and the stigma.
what are the male parts of a flower and can you recognize them (see diagram)?
the stamen (aka) the male parts of a flower consist of the anther and the filament.
what are the key differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms?
angiosperms are flowering plants that have seeds within an ovary. gymnosperms have no flowers and are usually cones.
what is an incomplete flower?
a flower that only has pistils.
how does fruit develop?
the fertilized embryo turns into a seed. as the seed forms from inside the ovary wasp it becomes a fruit.
what are the main functions of a roots?
to support/anchor the plant, to absorb water and nutrients, and to store glucose.
what are the three types of roots and what makes them different?
the fibrous roots, the tap roots, and the above ground roots. F roots are thin and branch out in all directions. T roots have one main thick root that may store starch. AG roots have most of their roots showing above ground, they absorb rain and are tropical.
what are the parts of a root and what do they do?
root cap - growing end of the root.
root hairs - absorb water + nutrients.
epidermis - outer layer of protective cells.
xylem - carries water and minerals.
cambium - barrier between the xylem and the phloem.
phloem - carries glucose.
what are the two main types of shoots?
herbaceous and woody.
what parts of a plant area considered to be parts of the shoot?
stems, leaves and flowers.
