Chapter 4-Test Flashcards
How was the cell discovered?
Robert Hook looked at a very thin piece of cork with a compound microscope.
Who developed the term “cell”?
Robert Hook
Who developed the cell theory?
Mattias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow.
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
- all living things are made up of one or more cells.
- cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
- all cells come only from other living things.
What is the cell wall and what kinds of cells have a cell wall?
A cell wall is the structure that protects and surrounds the cell membrane. Plant cells.
What is the cell membrane and what does it do?
The think structure made up of proteins and lipids that encloses the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
What are the two major components of a cell membrane and what do they do?
Lipids and proteins. Lipids keep things out, and proteins serve as channels.
What is the cytoplasm of a cell?
A jelly-like substance that makes up all the living material in a cell except the nucleus.
What is found in the cytoplasm of a cell?
Organelles.
What is the genetic and control center of a cell?
Nucleus.
What does DNA do and where is it found in a cell?
DNA (stores genetic info) is the genetic material of all living things on the planet. It is found in the nucleus of your cells.
What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm?
the nuclear membrane.
What is an organelle?
A tiny part of a cell having a special form and function; to carry out all life processes.
What is mitochondrion and what does it do?
The structures that are the power houses of the cell are mitochondrion. Mitochondrion release the energy in stored food.
What is a chloroplast? What does it do?
An organelle in plant cells that contains chlorophyll. Chlorophyll traps energy from the sun to make glucose.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it do?
The Endoplasmic reticulum is the roads and streets of a cell. The Endoplasmic reticulum transports materials throughout the cell.
What are Golgi bodies and what do they do in a cell?
The Golgi bodies are like the center of maufacturing and shipping with in the cell. Materials that are transported by the endoplasmic reticulum usually stop first at the golgi bodies where they are altered or stored before moving to other parts of the cell.
What is a vacuole and what is its function in a cell?
The liquid filled sacs that float in the cytoplasm are called vacuoles. They store food materials, water, and wastes. AS well as getting rid of wastes.
What is a lysosome and what is its function in a cell?
Organelles that contain powerful digestive chemicals for breaking down food molecules are called lysosomes. Lysosomes break down waste products and old cell parts.
What is a ribosome and what is its function in a cell?
Ribosomes are the protein factories of cells.
What two cell components are only found in plant cells?
Chlorophast and cell walls.
What is a simple organism?
An organism made of only one cell.
What is a complex organism?
An organism made of trillions of cells.
What are specialized cells?
Are cells that have been modified to perform a special task.
What is a tissue?
Specialized cells that come together to perform a specific function are called tissues.
What is an organ?
Tissues that come together to perform a special function are called an organ.
What is an organ system?
Organs that work together to perform a special function are called an organ system.
What is the path of specialization from a simple organism to a complex organism?
cell -> specialized cell specialized cell -> tissue tissue -> organ organ -> organ system organ system -> complex organism
Where is DNA made into RNA?
The nucleus.
Where is RNA made into protein?
Ribosomes.
Where do proteins begin to travel in a cell?
The endoplasmic reticulum.
Where are proteins modified so they can move to the membrane or outside?
Golgi bodies.
What 2 organelles are found in the plant but not in an animal cell?
chlorophast, cell walls.
