Chapter 10: Test Review Flashcards
What type of organism is a virus?
a parasite.
When were viruses first observed and what tool was used to see them?
1930’s. a microscope.
To what kingdom do viruses belong?
none.
What is a host?
to use the cell to assemble new viruses & copy its nucleic acid.
What is the goal of a virus after it infects a cell?
provides machinery to copy viral nucleic acids.
Viruses contain what type(s) of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA.
Diagrams.
What ultimately happens to a host cell after it has been used by a virsus?
usually it is destroyed/dies.
What is an antiviral medicine?
antiviral med does not kill virus bit prohibits further development.
What is a vaccine?
quickens immune system - which enables it to kill the virus.
What ultimately controls a virus after an infection?
the immune system.
What is latency?
latency - some of the virus that remains dormant until later reactivation
What is an example of a virsus and what disease does it cause?
rinovirus - causes common cold
What is a bacteriophage and what does it infect?
a virus that infects bacteria. (monerans)
How did scientists prove that SARS is caused by a virus?
- SARS = severe acute respiratory syndrome (guess - because more and more people became sick because of it)
How does a virus bind to the cell it infects?
it tricks the cell into thinking it is a cell then binds to the cell with its receptors. (virus & cell receptors interact)
What happens to a virus after it binds to a cell?
fusion : envelope merges with cell membrane
What carries the viral genetic material into a cell?
the capsid.
Where is viral DNA made?
replication (production/copying of DNA or RNA) takes place in the nucleus.
How are viral proteins made?
translation (new viral proteins are made) in the ribosomes.
What is assembly?
assembly - new viruses are put together
What is lysis?
lysis - when the cell breaks (lyses) or dies.
What happens to a newly made virus after it leaves an infected cell?
infects more cells.
How many cells are found in a Moneran and do they have a nucleus?
monerans = single celled organisms, no distinct nucleus (prokaryotes)
Where are Monerans found?
nearly everywhere.
What are two main classification groups for Monerans?
archaebacteria and eubacteria.
What is an example of an archaebacteria and eubacteria?
archaebacteria = METHANCOCOCCUS JANNASCHII eubacteria = STREPTOCOCCUS PYROGENES
Name the three shapes of Monerans.
cocci - round or egg shaped bacteria
bacilli - rod shaped bacteria
sprilla - spiral shaped bacteria
What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic bacteria?
aerobic - bacteria that requires oxygen to live
anaerobic - bacteria that live without oxygen
What are antibiotics and what do they kill?
kills bacteria. EX. penicillin, kills strep throat
What are some helpful activities of Monerans?
fermentation, decomposition, digestion, and nitrogen fixation.
What are some harmful activates of Monerans?
disease and spoilage.
Diagram.
How are viruses and bacteria similar?
no nucleus.
How are viruses and bacteria different?
no cells vs. 1 cell / all harmful vs. some good / invade host cells and copy viral DNA vs. reproduces by fision.
