Chapter 10: Test Review

Question 1

What type of organism is a virus?

Answer 1

a parasite.

Question 2

When were viruses first observed and what tool was used to see them?

Answer 2

1930’s. a microscope.

Question 3

To what kingdom do viruses belong?

Answer 3

none.

Question 4

What is a host?

Answer 4

to use the cell to assemble new viruses & copy its nucleic acid.

Question 5

What is the goal of a virus after it infects a cell?

Answer 5

provides machinery to copy viral nucleic acids.

Question 6

Viruses contain what type(s) of nucleic acids?

Answer 6

DNA and RNA.

Question 7

Diagrams.

Question 8

What ultimately happens to a host cell after it has been used by a virsus?

Answer 8

usually it is destroyed/dies.

Question 9

What is an antiviral medicine?

Answer 9

antiviral med does not kill virus bit prohibits further development.

Question 10

What is a vaccine?

Answer 10

quickens immune system - which enables it to kill the virus.

Question 11

What ultimately controls a virus after an infection?

Answer 11

the immune system.

Question 12

What is latency?

Answer 12

latency - some of the virus that remains dormant until later reactivation

Question 13

What is an example of a virsus and what disease does it cause?

Answer 13

rinovirus - causes common cold

Question 14

What is a bacteriophage and what does it infect?

Answer 14

a virus that infects bacteria. (monerans)

Question 15

How did scientists prove that SARS is caused by a virus?

Answer 15

• SARS = severe acute respiratory syndrome (guess - because more and more people became sick because of it)

Question 16

How does a virus bind to the cell it infects?

Answer 16

it tricks the cell into thinking it is a cell then binds to the cell with its receptors. (virus & cell receptors interact)

Question 17

What happens to a virus after it binds to a cell?

Answer 17

fusion : envelope merges with cell membrane

Question 18

What carries the viral genetic material into a cell?

Answer 18

the capsid.

Question 19

Where is viral DNA made?

Answer 19

replication (production/copying of DNA or RNA) takes place in the nucleus.

Question 20

How are viral proteins made?

Answer 20

translation (new viral proteins are made) in the ribosomes.

Question 21

What is assembly?

Answer 21

assembly - new viruses are put together

Question 22

What is lysis?

Answer 22

lysis - when the cell breaks (lyses) or dies.

Question 23

What happens to a newly made virus after it leaves an infected cell?

Answer 23

infects more cells.

Question 24

How many cells are found in a Moneran and do they have a nucleus?

Answer 24

monerans = single celled organisms, no distinct nucleus (prokaryotes)

Question 25

Where are Monerans found?

Answer 25

nearly everywhere.

Question 26

What are two main classification groups for Monerans?

Answer 26

archaebacteria and eubacteria.

Question 27

What is an example of an archaebacteria and eubacteria?

Answer 27

``` archaebacteria = METHANCOCOCCUS JANNASCHII eubacteria = STREPTOCOCCUS PYROGENES ```

Question 28

Name the three shapes of Monerans.

Answer 28

cocci - round or egg shaped bacteria bacilli - rod shaped bacteria sprilla - spiral shaped bacteria

Question 29

What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic bacteria?

Answer 29

aerobic - bacteria that requires oxygen to live | anaerobic - bacteria that live without oxygen

Question 30

What are antibiotics and what do they kill?

Answer 30

kills bacteria. EX. penicillin, kills strep throat

Question 31

What are some helpful activities of Monerans?

Answer 31

fermentation, decomposition, digestion, and nitrogen fixation.

Question 32

What are some harmful activates of Monerans?

Answer 32

disease and spoilage.

Question 33

Diagram.

Answer 33

----

Question 34

How are viruses and bacteria similar?

Answer 34

no nucleus.

Question 35

How are viruses and bacteria different?

Answer 35

no cells vs. 1 cell / all harmful vs. some good / invade host cells and copy viral DNA vs. reproduces by fision.