Chapter 11 test review Flashcards
What kingdom do protists belong to?
Protista.
Where can you find protists and what tool do you need to see them?
A pond. A microscope.
What is the key difference between protists and monerans?
Monerans = no distinct nucleus (aka) prokaryote, found nearly everywhere, very small - need the strongest microscopes
Protists = distinct nucleus (aka) eukaryote, mostly aquatic, larger - need simple microscopes
Define prokaryote and eukaryote.
Prokaryote - an organism that has no distinct nucleus
Eukaryote - an organism that has a distinct nucleus
Which class of protists is animal-like and how do they get their food?
Protozoa. They get their food by eating other small protists.
Which class of protists is plant-like and how do they get their food?
Algae. They get their food by photosynthesis. (aka sunlight)
What are the key differences between protozoa and algae?
Protozoa - Animal-like, take in food, no chloroplasts, no cell wall
Algae - Plant-like, make food by photosynthesis, chloroplast present, cell wall present
What are the three classes of protozoa based on movement?
Sarcodines- cell oozes along making new pseudopodia (false feet)
Ciliates- tiny hair-like structures (cilia) that beat
Flagellates- use a whip-like flagellum to move
What class of protozoa is based on reproduction?
sporozoa. (???)
What is a parasite?
(spores are parasites) they live inside the bodies of other animals.
What diseases are caused by protozoa?
Malaria, african sleeping sickness, balantidiasis, and montezuma’s revenge.
What are some helpful interactions of protists and man?
Decomposers, photosynthesis, food source.
What are some harmful interactions between protozoa and man?
Diseases and contamination.
How are algae classified?
By pigment and cell number.
Why are all algae not green?
Because their pigment are different colors.
What are dinoflagellates and diatoms?
Dinoflagellates - large amounts of red pigment, contain 2 flagella
Diatoms - gold-colored algae, covered by a shell made of glass-like material
What is a euglena and what do they look like?
Euglena - green with a single flagellum, can make or eat food, contain an eyespot to detect light
What forms of algae are mainly many-celled?
Brown and red algae.
What are brown algae?
Brown algae contain jelly-like algin and have root-like called holdfasts.
What are red algae?
Red algae are often called seaweed and the amount of red pigment depends on the light.
What is an algae colony?
A colony is a group of algae cells living together that may or may not develop complex structures.
What are some helpful interactions between algae and man?
oxygen production, food, chemicals like agar and thickeners, polishing materials.
What are some harmful interactions of algae and man?
red tides - poisons fish and animals, shell fish poisoning.
Why are fungi eukaryotes?
Because they have a nucleus.
How do fungi get their food and what is a decomposer?
Fungi get their food by absorbing nutrients in the ground a decomposer is something that breaks down the rotting things around them.
What are spores?
Spores are the start of most fungi.
What are hyphae?
Bodies of many-celed fungi are formed from many branching, thread-like filaments called hyphae.
What is mycelium?
Mycelium is “the roots” of a fungi.
–DIAGRAM–
What are some helpful interactions between fungi and man?
Decomposers, medicine, fermentation, and food.
What are some harmful interactions between fungi and man?
Poisoning, spoilage, crop damage, and plant damage.
What is the classification of fungi based on?
Reproduction.
What is the key characteristic of zygomycota?
Tread-like fungi, spores in round cases.
What is the key characteristic of basidiomycota?
Club fungi, spores in clube-shaped sructures.
What is the key characteristic of ascomycota?
Sac fungi, spores in sacs.
What is the key characteristic of glomeromycota?
Imperfect fungi, no spores.
