Chapter 6 Test Flashcards
33 things to know.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribo nucleic acid
What is DNA used for in a cell and where is it found?
To store important information in the cell ( it is the blue print of life). The nucleus.
Whose experiments on pea plants led to him being called the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendal.
What 2 scientists determined the 3D structure of DNA?
James Watson and Fransas Crick
What is the 3D structure of SNA called and how does it look?
the double helix
What are the nucleotide bases and how are they paired in DNA?
A -> T, C -> G
How many strands are found in DNA?
two.
What supports the nucleotide bases in DNA?
phosphate backbone.
What is the complimentary DNA sequence for this strand: ACGGTATTCGCC
TGCCATAAGCGG
What is a gene?
A unit of genetic material that deter mains a trait.
What is a genome?
all the DNA of an organism is called a genome.
What is a change in a DNA sequence called?
a mutation.
What is an example of a human genetic disease caused by a mutation?
sickle cell anemia.
What is chromatin?
a long chain of DNA.
What is a chromosome?
thread like coils of DNA at the start of mitosis.
How are chromosomes found in cells?
in identical pairs with the exception. (?)
Do all organisms have the same number of chromosomes?
no.
What are X and Y chromosomes and what is their role in gender?
X chromosomes are the longer sex chromosomes. Women have two Xs. Y chromosomes are the shorter sex chromosomes. Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
What is the result of having three chromosomes instead of two?
downs syndrome.
What is an example of a genetic disease caused by a change in chromosome number?
turner syndrome.
What are the two steps of the cell cycle?
interphase and mitosis.
What is mitosis?
the process of where cells divide into two separate nuclei
What are the sister chromatids and centromeres?
pairs of identical chromosomes connected by a centromere.
What are the spindle fibers and centrioles?
spindle fibers form from between the poles. centrioles appear and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.
What happens in metaphase?
chromatins attach to spindle fibers.
What happens cytokinesis?
cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells. each with its own nucleus. with chromosomes.
What is meiosis?
cell division that produces gametes or spores having one pair of unpaired chromosomes. used for reproduction.
What is a diploid number of chromosomes? In humans?
The number of chromosomes in a cell is a diploid number. 46.
What is a haploid number of chromosomes? In humans?
special cells that only one of each chromosome or a haploid number. 23
How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
4.
Are the egg or sperm cells produced at the end of meiosis haploid or diploid?
haploid.
Are mitosis and meiosis the same process?
No. Mitosis is the process of any cell production. Meiosis is the process of cell reproduction.
Can you draw and label the phases of mitosis?
Interphase. Prophase. Metaphase. Anaphase. Telophase. Cytokinesis.
