Chapter 6 Test

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribo nucleic acid

Question 2

What is DNA used for in a cell and where is it found?

Answer 2

To store important information in the cell ( it is the blue print of life). The nucleus.

Question 3

Whose experiments on pea plants led to him being called the father of genetics?

Answer 3

Gregor Mendal.

Question 4

What 2 scientists determined the 3D structure of DNA?

Answer 4

James Watson and Fransas Crick

Question 5

What is the 3D structure of SNA called and how does it look?

Answer 5

the double helix

Question 6

What are the nucleotide bases and how are they paired in DNA?

Answer 6

A -> T, C -> G

Question 7

How many strands are found in DNA?

Answer 7

two.

Question 8

What supports the nucleotide bases in DNA?

Answer 8

phosphate backbone.

Question 9

What is the complimentary DNA sequence for this strand: ACGGTATTCGCC

Answer 9

TGCCATAAGCGG

Question 10

What is a gene?

Answer 10

A unit of genetic material that deter mains a trait.

Question 11

What is a genome?

Answer 11

all the DNA of an organism is called a genome.

Question 12

What is a change in a DNA sequence called?

Answer 12

a mutation.

Question 13

What is an example of a human genetic disease caused by a mutation?

Answer 13

sickle cell anemia.

Question 14

What is chromatin?

Answer 14

a long chain of DNA.

Question 15

What is a chromosome?

Answer 15

thread like coils of DNA at the start of mitosis.

Question 16

How are chromosomes found in cells?

Answer 16

in identical pairs with the exception. (?)

Question 17

Do all organisms have the same number of chromosomes?

Answer 17

no.

Question 18

What are X and Y chromosomes and what is their role in gender?

Answer 18

X chromosomes are the longer sex chromosomes. Women have two Xs. Y chromosomes are the shorter sex chromosomes. Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.

Question 19

What is the result of having three chromosomes instead of two?

Answer 19

downs syndrome.

Question 20

What is an example of a genetic disease caused by a change in chromosome number?

Answer 20

turner syndrome.

Question 21

What are the two steps of the cell cycle?

Answer 21

interphase and mitosis.

Question 22

What is mitosis?

Answer 22

the process of where cells divide into two separate nuclei

Question 23

What are the sister chromatids and centromeres?

Answer 23

pairs of identical chromosomes connected by a centromere.

Question 24

What are the spindle fibers and centrioles?

Answer 24

spindle fibers form from between the poles. centrioles appear and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.

Question 25

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 25

chromatins attach to spindle fibers.

Question 26

What happens cytokinesis?

Answer 26

cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells. each with its own nucleus. with chromosomes.

Question 27

What is meiosis?

Answer 27

cell division that produces gametes or spores having one pair of unpaired chromosomes. used for reproduction.

Question 28

What is a diploid number of chromosomes? In humans?

Answer 28

The number of chromosomes in a cell is a diploid number. 46.

Question 29

What is a haploid number of chromosomes? In humans?

Answer 29

special cells that only one of each chromosome or a haploid number. 23

Question 30

How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

Answer 30

4.

Question 31

Are the egg or sperm cells produced at the end of meiosis haploid or diploid?

Answer 31

haploid.

Question 32

Are mitosis and meiosis the same process?

Answer 32

No. Mitosis is the process of any cell production. Meiosis is the process of cell reproduction.

Question 33

Can you draw and label the phases of mitosis?

Answer 33

``` Interphase. Prophase. Metaphase. Anaphase. Telophase. Cytokinesis. ```