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Medical Terminology > Chapters 12 & 13 > Flashcards

Chapters 12 & 13 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

female reproductive system (function)

A

it is designed to produce and transport ova, discharge ova from the body if fertilization does not occur, and nourish and provide a place for the developing fetus throughout pregnancy if fertilization occurs

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2
Q

external genitalia

A

sex, or reproductive, organs visible on the outside of the body; also called genitals

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3
Q

gestation

A

length of time from conception to birth

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4
Q

lactation

A

production and release of milk by mammary glands

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5
Q

orifice

A

mouth; entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure

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6
Q

internal organs of the female reproductive system

A

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina

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7
Q

external genitalia of the female reproductive system

A

collectively known as the vulva; includes the labia minora, labia majora, clitoris, Bartholin glands, and mons pubis

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8
Q

mons pubis

A

an elevation of adipose tissue covered by skin and coarse pubic hair that cushions the pubis

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9
Q

perineum

A

the area between the vaginal orifice and the anus

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10
Q

ovaries

A

pair of almond-shaped glands that contain thousand of saclike structure called graafian follicles (each which contain an ovum)

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11
Q

ovulation

A

when an ovum ripens, the mature follicle moves to the surface of the ovary, ruptures, and releases the ovum

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12
Q

corpus luteum (post-ovulation)

A

a small yellow mass that secretes estrogen and progesterone

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13
Q

estrogen and progesterone (purpose)

A
  • influence the menstrual cycle and menopause
  • prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg
  • help maintain energy
  • promote growth of the placenta
  • play an important role in the development of secondary sex characteristics
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14
Q

fallopian tubes (oviducts, uterine tubes)

A

tubes on either side of the uterus through which the ovum travels to the uterus and where fertilization occurs

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15
Q

uterus

A

organ that contains and nourishes the embryo from the time the fertilized egg is implanted until the fetus is born; consists of three parts:

1) fundus - upper, rounded part
2) body - the central part
3) cervix - inferior constricted portion that opens into the vagina

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16
Q

vagina

A

a muscular tube that extends from the cervix to the exterior of the body; its lining consists of folds of mucous membrane that give the organ an elastic quality

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17
Q

Bartholin glands

A

releases secretions to lubricate the vaginal orifice during sexual excitement

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18
Q

clitoris

A

an organ composed of erectile tissue that is richly innervated with sensory endings

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19
Q

mammary glands (function)

A

their biological role is to secrete milk for the nourishment of a newborn; breasts enlarge due to the development of adipose tissue during puberty

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20
Q

mammary glands (structure)

A

each breast is composed of lobules of milk-producing glands that are drained by a lactiferous duct, which opens on the tip of the nipple

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21
Q

menarche

A

the initial menstrual period

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22
Q

menstrual phase (menstrual cycle)

A

uterine endometrium sloughs off because of hormonal stimulation, a process accompanied by bleeding; the detached tissue and blood are discharged through the vagina as menstrual flow

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23
Q

ovulatory phase (menstrual cycle)

A

when menstruation ceases, the endometrium begins to thicken as new tissue is rebuilt; as the estrogen level rises, several ova begin to mature in the graafian follicles, usually with only one ovum reaching full maturity; at about day 14, the graafian follicle ruptures, releasing the egg; the egg then leaves the ovary and travels down the fallopian tube toward the uterus

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24
Q

postovulatory phase (menstrual cycle)

A

the empty graafian follicle fills with a yellow material and is now called the corpus luteum; secretions of estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum stimulate the building of the endometrium in preparation for implantation of an embryo; if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum begins to degenerate as estrogen and progesterone levels decrease

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25
Q

parturition

A

childbirth

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26
Q

embryo

A

the product of conception up to the third month of pregnancy

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27
Q

fetus

A

unborn offspring from the third month of pregnancy to the time of birth

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28
Q

labor

A

the physiological process by which the fetus is expelled from the uterus; occurs in three stages:

1) stage of dilation - cervix must dilate until 10 cm
2) stage of expulsion - completion of dilation to birth of the baby
3) placental stage - the discharge of the placenta from the uterus

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29
Q

menopause

A

the cessation of ovarian activity and diminished hormone production that occurs at about age 50

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30
Q

change of life (climacteric)

A

the period in which symptoms of approaching menopause occur

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31
Q

amni/o

A

amnion (amniotic sac)

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32
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)

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33
Q

colp/o (1 of 2)

A

vagina

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34
Q

vagin/o (1 of 2)

A

vagina

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35
Q

galact/o (1 of 2)

A

milk

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36
Q

lact/o (1 of 2)

A

milk

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37
Q

gynec/o

A

woman, female

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38
Q

hyster/o (1 of 3)

A

uterus (womb)

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39
Q

metri/o (1 of 3)

A

uterus (womb)

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40
Q

uter/o (1 of 3)

A

uterus (womb)

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41
Q

mamm/o (1 of 2)

A

breast

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42
Q

mast/o (1 of 2)

A

breast

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43
Q

men/o

A

menses, menstruation

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44
Q

metr/o

A

uterus (womb); measure

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45
Q

nat/o

A

birth

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46
Q

oophor/o (1 of 2)

A

ovary

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47
Q

ovari/o (1 of 2)

A

ovary

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48
Q

perine/o

A

perineum (area between the scrotum [or the vulva in the female] and anus)

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49
Q

salping/o

A

tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)

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50
Q

-arche

A

beginning

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51
Q

-cyesis

A

pregnancy

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52
Q

-gravida

A

pregnant woman

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53
Q

-para

A

to bear (offspring)

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54
Q

-salpinx

A

tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)

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55
Q

-tocia

A

childbirth, labor

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56
Q

-version

A

turning

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57
Q

ante-

A

before, in front of

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58
Q

dys-

A

bad; painful; difficult

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59
Q

endo-

A

in, within

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60
Q

multi-

A

many, much

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61
Q

post-

A

after

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62
Q

primi-

A

first

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63
Q

gynecology (GYN)

A

the branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the femlae reproductive organs and breasts

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64
Q

obstetrics (OB)

A

the branch of medicine that manages the health of a woman and her fetus during pregnancy and childbirth

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64
Q

puerperium

A

the period of adjustment after childbirth during which the reproductive organs of the mother retune to their normal, nonpregnant stae (6-8 weeks)

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64
Q

endometriosis

A

the presence of functional tissue in areas outside the uterus that develops into implants, lesions, or growths, amd can cause pain, infertility, and other problems

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65
Q

pelvic infammatory disease (PID)

A

the general term for inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and adjacent pelvic structures; it is usually caused by bacterial infections that generally enter through the vagina during coitus, induced abortion, childbirth, and the postpartum period

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66
Q

breast cancer (carcinoma of the breast)

A

the most common malignancy of women in the US which appears to be associated with ovarian hormonal function

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67
Q

cervical cancer

A

cancer that most commonly affects women between ages 40 and 49 and increased risk of developing this cancer is associated with first coitus at a young age, a large number of sex partners, infection with certain sexually transmitted viruses, and frequent intercourse with men whose previous partners had cervical cancer; can be caught early on with a Pap test

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68
Q

Pap test

A

a cytological examination that can detect cervial cancer before the disease becomes clinically evident

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69
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina

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70
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy

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71
Q

dyspareunia

A

occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse

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72
Q

endocervicitis

A

inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri

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73
Q

menstrual disorders

A

abnormal condition in the menstrual cycle; also called dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)

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74
Q

amenorrhea (menstrual disorders)

A

absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age

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75
Q

dysmenorrhea (menstrual disorders)

A

cramps or painful menstruation

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76
Q

menorrhagia (menstrual disorders)

A

abnormally heavy, prolonged menstrual period

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77
Q

metrorrhagia (menstrual disorders)

A

irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual periods or after menopause

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78
Q

oligomenorrhea (menstrual disorders)

A

abnormally light or infrequent menstrual periods

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79
Q

premenstrual syndrome (menstrual disorders, PMS)

A

symptoms that occur between ovulation and the onset of menstruation

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80
Q

sterility

A

inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female

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81
Q

uterine fibroids

A

benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus; also called leiomyomas, myomas, or fibroids

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82
Q

abortion (AB)

A

termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving on its own

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83
Q

abruptio placentae

A

premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor; also called placental abruption

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84
Q

breech presentation

A

common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head

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85
Q

Down syndrome

A

genetic condition in which there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy), altering physical and mental development of the child; also called trisomy 21

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86
Q

eclampsia

A

most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy

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87
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity

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88
Q

placenta previa

A

obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal and that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dilates

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89
Q

amniocentesis

A

transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle (with the needle’s position verified by US on a monitor screen) and syringe to remove amniotic fluid

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90
Q

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A

sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential generic defects

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91
Q

colposcopy

A

visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope)

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92
Q

cordocentesis

A

diagnostic prenatal test in which a sample of the baby’s blood is removed from the umbilical cord for testing; also called percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)

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93
Q

emdometrial biopsy

A

removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study

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94
Q

insufflation

A

delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual eaxamination, remove an obstruction, or apply medication

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95
Q

Papanicolaou (Pap) test

A

an exfoliative cytology test to detect abnormal cells that are scraped from the cervix, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination

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96
Q

pelvimetry

A

measurement of pelvic dimensions to determin whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow vaginal delivery

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97
Q

hysterosalpingography (HSG)

A

radiography and, usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium

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98
Q

mammography

A

radiographic examination of the breasts to screen for breast cancer

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99
Q

transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS)

A

ultrasonography of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis

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100
Q

cerclage

A

suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion or preterm birth

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101
Q

cesarean section (C-section)

A

incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus

102
Q

colpocleisis

A

surgical closure of the vaginal canal

103
Q

conization

A

excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix for histological examination

104
Q

cryosurgery

A

process of frezzing tissue to detroy cells; also called cryocautery

105
Q

dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette

106
Q

hysterectomy

A

excision of the uterus

107
Q

subtotal hysterectomy

A

hysterectomy in which the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain

108
Q

total hysterectomy

A

hysterectomy in which the cervix is removed byt the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain; also called complete hysterectomy

109
Q

total plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (hysterectomy)

A

total (complete) hysterectomy, including removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

110
Q

laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus

111
Q

lumpectomy

A

excision of a small primary brest tumor (or “lump”) and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it

112
Q

mammoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the breast(s) to change the size, shape, or position

113
Q

augmentation (mammoplasty)

A

insertion of a breast prothesis (filled with silicone gel or saline) beneath the skin or beneath the pectoralis major muscle

114
Q

reduction (mammoplasty)

A

breast reduction to reduce the size of a large, pendulous breast

115
Q

mastectomy

A

removal of the breast

116
Q

total/simple mastectomy

A

excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin

117
Q

modified radical mastectomy

A

excision of the enire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection) but with the chest muscles left intact

118
Q

radical mastectomy

A

excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and the chest wall muscles under the breast

119
Q

reconstructive breast surgery

A

creation of a breast-shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed as a result of cancer or other disease

120
Q

tissue (skin) expansion reconstructive breast surgery

A

common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaces with a more permanent implant

121
Q

transverse rectus abdominus muscle (TRAM) flap reconstructive breast surgery

A

surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen, which is passed under the skin to the breast areas; the abdominal tissue (flap) is then shaped into a natural-looking breast and sutured into place

122
Q

tubal ligation

A

procedure the ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy

123
Q

intrauterine device (IUD)

A

small, T-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy

124
Q

antifungals

A

treat vaginal yeast infection by altering the yeast cell membrane or interfering with a metabolic process

125
Q

estrogens

A

treat symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, vaginal dryness, fatigue) through hormone replacement therapy (HRT); may be given orally or topically; topical use may decrease risks

126
Q

oral contraceptives

A

synthetic hormones used to prevent pregnancy and treat menstrual disorders

127
Q

oxytocics

A

induce labor at term by increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contractions

128
Q

prostaglandins

A

terminate pregnancy

129
Q

spermicides

A

chemically destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus

130
Q

AUB

A

abnormal uterine bleeding

131
Q

C-section, CS

A

cesarean section

132
Q

CVS

A

chorionic villus sampling

133
Q

D&C

A

dilatation (dilation) and curettage

134
Q

DUB

A

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

135
Q

GYN

A

gynecology

136
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

137
Q

IUD

A

intrauterine device

138
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

139
Q

OB

A

obstetrics

140
Q

OCPs

A

oral contraceptive pills

141
Q

Pap

A

Papanicolaou (test)

142
Q

para 1, 2, 3, and so on

A

unipara, bipara, tripera (number of viable births)

143
Q

PUBS

A

percutaneous umbilical blood sampling

144
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

145
Q

STI

A

sexually transmitted infection

146
Q

TRAM

A

transverse rectus abdominus muscle (flap)

147
Q

TVUS

A

transvaginal ultrasonography

148
Q

male reproductive system (function)

A
  • produces, maintains, and transports sperm
  • respondible for developing and maintaining male secondary sex characteristics
149
Q

gamete

A

reproductive cell (ovum or sperm) that contains one-half of the chromosomes required to produce an offspring of the species

150
Q

libido

A

psychological and physical desire for sexual activity

151
Q

semen

A

fluid containing sperm and secretion from the prostate and other structures of the male reproductive system; also called seminal fluid

152
Q

sphincter

A

ringlike muscle that open and closes a body opening to allow or restrict passage through the structure

153
Q

testosterone

A

androgenic hormone responsible for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum, and prostate

154
Q

scrotum

A

an external sac lying behind and below the penis contained two testes; its muscular wall allows for the control of temperature of the testes

155
Q

testes

A

contained in the scrotum; produce the hormone testorterone; contain numerous small tubes that twist and coil to form seminiferous tubules, which produce sperm

156
Q

epidiymis

A

a structure that stores sperm after it leaves the seminiferous tubules; the first duct through which sperm passes after it production in the testes

157
Q

vas deferens (seminal duct or ductus deferens)

A

a narrow tube that passes through the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity which extends over the top and down the posterior surface of the bladder

158
Q

seminal vesicle

A

structure which contains nutrients that support sperm viability and produces approximately 60% of the semen that is ultimately ejaculated during sexual intercourse

159
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

structure formed by the union of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle which joins the urethra

160
Q

prostate gland

A

a triple-lobed organ fused to the base of the bladder which secretes a think, alkaline substance that accounts for about 30% of seminal fluid

161
Q

bulbourethral (Cowper) glands

A

two pea-shaped structures that are located below the prostate and are connected by a small duct to the urethra which provide additional alkaline fluid that neutralizes any residual acidity in the male urethra to further assist sperm viability

162
Q

penis

A

the male organ of copulation that is composed of erectile tissue that becomes regid and erect upon sexual arousal and encloses the urethra which expels both urine and semen from the body

163
Q

glans penis

A

the enlarges tip of the penis and contains the urethral orifice (meatus) through which the urin and semen exit the body

164
Q

prepuce (foreskin)

A

a movable hood of skin that covers the glans penis

165
Q

andr/o

A

male

166
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

167
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

168
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

169
Q

genit/o

A

genitalia

170
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads, sex glands

171
Q

gon/o

A

seed (ovum or spermatozoon)

172
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

173
Q

orch/o (1 of 4)

A

testis (plural, testes)

174
Q

orchi/o (1 of 4)

A

testis (plural, testes)

175
Q

orchid/o (1 of 4)

A

testis (plural, testes)

176
Q

test/o (1 of 4)

A

testis (plural, testes)

177
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate gland

178
Q

spermat/o (1 of 2)

A

spermatozoa, sperm cells

179
Q

sperm/o (1 of 2)

A

spermatozoa, sperm cells

180
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

181
Q

vas/o

A

vessel; vas deferens; duct

182
Q

vasicul/o

A

seminal vesicle

183
Q

-cide

A

killing

184
Q

-genesis

A

forming; producing; origin

185
Q

-ism

A

condition

186
Q

-spadias

A

slit, fissure

187
Q

brachy-

A

short

188
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

189
Q

urology

A

the branch of medicine concerned with the male reproductive system and urinary disorders in males and females

190
Q

urologist

A

the physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of genitourinary disorders

191
Q

sexually transmitted infections/diseases (STI/Ds)

A

any contagious disease acquired during sexual activity with an infected partner which can lead to severe reproductive problems, including sterility and infertility in males and females and ectopic pregnancy, preterm delivery, and infection transmitted to the newborn during delivery in females

192
Q

gonorrhea

A

caused by Neisseria gonorrheae; it involves the mucosal surface of the genitourinary tract and can also involve the rectum and pahrynx

193
Q

chlamydia

A

caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; it is called the “silent disease” because symptoms are commonly absent or mild, and the disease remains untreated until there is irreversible damage to the reproductive structures

194
Q

syphilis

A

caused by Treponema pallidum; manifests in three stages:

1) primary syphilis - chancre appears
2) secondary - body rash
3) tertiary - develops 3 to 15 weeks after exposure

195
Q

genital herpes

A

causes red, blisterlike lesions in the genital area that closely resemble fever blisters or cold sores that appear on the lips and around the mouth; caused by the herpes simplex virus; can be transmitted through viral shedding

196
Q

genital warts (condylomata, condylomas)

A

caused by one or more of the many different human papillomavirus strains; can spread through skin-to-skin contact

197
Q

trichomoniasis

A

caused by Trichomonas vaginalis; affects males and females but symptoms are more common in females

198
Q

prostate cancer

A

one of the most common form of cancer among men; early presymptomatic tests include a blood test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and periodic digital rectal examination (DRE)

199
Q

prostate cancer (treatment)

A

surgery that removes the entire prostate, seminal vesicles, and surrounding lymph nodes (radical prostatectomy) is the best treatment option; hormone therapy can help manage the disease; removal of both testes (bilateral orchiectomy, castration) blocks testosterone but is permamnent and irreversible

200
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BHP)

A

enlargement of the prostate, usually as part og the aging process that constricts the urethra, causing urinary symptoms including frequency, hesitance, nocturia, and urinary retention

201
Q

balanitis

A

inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis, caused by bacteria, fungi, or a virus

202
Q

erectile dysfunction (ED)

A

repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse

203
Q

hypogonadism

A

decrease or lack of hormones normally produces by the gonads

204
Q

hypospadias

A

congenital abnormality in which the opening of the male urethra is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip

205
Q

phimosis

A

stenosis or narrowing of foreskin so that it cannot be retracted over the glans penis

206
Q

priapism

A

prolonged, commonly painful erection of the penis, which occurs without sexual stimulation

207
Q

prostatitis

A

acute or chronic inflammation of the prostate

208
Q

sterility

A

inability to produce offspring

209
Q

testicular abnormalities

A

any of the various disorders that affect the testes

210
Q

anorchism (testicular abnormalities)

A

absence of one or both testicles; also called anorchia or anorchidism

211
Q

epididymitis (testicular abnormalities)

A

inflammation of the epididymis

212
Q

hydrocele (testicular abnormalities)

A

swelling of the sac surrounding the testes that is typically harmless

213
Q

orchitis (testicular abnormalities)

A

painful swelling of one or both testes commonly associated with mumps that develop after puberty

214
Q

spermatocele (testicular abnormalities)

A

abnormal, fluid-filled sac that develops in the epididymis and may or may not contain sperm; also called spermatic cyst

215
Q

testicular mass (testicular abnormalities)

A

new tissue growth that appears on one or both testes and may be malignant or benign

216
Q

testicular torsion (testicular abnormalities)

A

spontaneous twisting of a testicle within the scrotum, leading to a decrease in blood flow to the affected testicle

217
Q

testicular cancer (testicular abnormalities)

A

malignancy that develops in one or both testes, commonly presenting as a small lump or tenderness on the testicle, swelling in the scrotum and, occasionally, enlargement of breast tissue (gynecomastia)

218
Q

varicocele (testicular abnormalities)

A

swelling and distension of veins of the spermatic cord, somewhat resembling varicose veins of the legs

219
Q

digital rectal examination (DRE)

A

screening test in males that evaluates the size and consistency of the prostate

220
Q

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A

blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostate cancer; also called tumor market test

221
Q

semen analysis

A

test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vastectomy

222
Q

scrotal ultrasound (US)

A

imaging procedure using sound waves to assess the contents of the scrotum, including the testicles, epididymis, and vas deferens; also called testicular ultrasound

223
Q

transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate

A

imaging procedure using soundwaves emitted by a probe inserted through the rectum to serve as a guide for biopsy of the prostate when PSA and DRE are abnormal

224
Q

circumcision

A

removal of the foreskin, or fold of skin covering the tip (glans) of the penis

225
Q

orchiopexy

A

fixation of the testes in the scrotum

226
Q

prostatectomy

A

removal of all or part of the prostate

227
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A

excision of prostate tissue by inserting a special endoscope (resectoscope) through the urethra and into the bladder to remove small pieces of tissue from the prostate gland

228
Q

urethroplasty

A

reconstruction of the urethra to relieve stricture or narrowing

229
Q

vasectomy

A

removal of all or a segment of the vas deferens for male sterilization

230
Q

brachytherapy of the prostate

A

radiation oncology procedure where radioactive “seeds” are places directly within or near a tumor in the prostate to destroy malignant cells

231
Q

cryotherapy of the prostate

A

freezing of the prostate, causing cancer cells to die

232
Q

external beam radiation therapy (EBRT)

A

procedure in which the patient is positioned at a distance from the radiation source, which is then directed at the prostate; also called external beam radiation (EBT) or teletherapy

233
Q

alpha- I blockers

A

block alpha- I receptors in the prostate and bladder, relaxing muscles and improving uring flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia

234
Q

androgens

A

increase testosterone levels

235
Q

antiandrogens

A

suppress the production of androgen

236
Q

anti-impotence agents

A

treat erectile dysfunctions (impotence) by increasing blood flow to the penis, resulting in an erection

237
Q

antivirals

A

treat viral disorders by inhibiting the development of the offending virus

238
Q

ADT

A

androgen deprivation therapy

239
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia; benign prostatic hypertrophy

240
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal examination

241
Q

EBRT

A

external beam radiation therapy

242
Q

EBT

A

external beam therapy

243
Q

ED

A

erectile dysfunction; emergency department

244
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

245
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

246
Q

HSV

A

herpes simplex virus

247
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

248
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

249
Q

STI

A

sexually transmitted infection

250
Q

TRUS

A

transrectal ultrasound

251
Q

TSE

A

testicular self-examination

252
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

253
Q

US

A

ultrasound

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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