Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

afferent

A

carry or move inward or toward a central structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering delicate brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

efferent

A

carry or move away from a central structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

limbic system

A

complex neural system located beneath the cerebrum that controls basic emotions and drives and plays an important role in memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

neurilemma

A

additional external myelin sheath that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system; allows for neuron regeneration after injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ventricle

A

organ chamber or cavity that receives or holds fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

neurons

A

transmit impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cell body (neurons)

A

the enlarged structure of the neuron that contains the nucleus and various organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dendrites (neurons)

A

cytoplasmic projections that carry impulses to the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

axons (neurons)

A

cytoplasmic projections that carry impulses away from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

myelin sheath

A

white, lipoid covering that acts as an electrical insulator that reduces the possibility of an impulse stimulating adjacent nerves and accelerates impulse transmission along the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Schwann cell (neurons)

A

neuroglial cell that forms the myelin sheath on nerves of the peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nodes of Ranvier (neurons)

A

unmyelinated spaces between adjacent segments of the myelin sheath that help speed the transmission of impulses down the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

synapse (neurons)

A

functional connection gap or space between two neurons or between a neuron and its effector organ (muscle or gland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

axon terminal (neurons)

A

send impulses to the dendrites of the next neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

neurotransmitter (neurons)

A

chemical substance released off the end of an axon when impulse is within the transmitting axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

neuroglia

A

cells that support neurons and bind them to they neurons and tissues in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

astrocytes (neuroglia)

A

star-shaped neuroglia that make up the blood-brain barrier, form three-dimensional support for neurons, and form tight sheaths around the capillaries of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

oligodendrocytes (neuroglia)

A

responsible for developing myelin on the axis of neurons in the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

microalgia (neuroglia)

A

smallest of the neuroglia, possess phagocytic properties and become very active during times of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ependyma (neuroglia)

A

ciliated cells that line fluid-filled cavities of the central nervous system; assist in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

brain (function)

A

center for thought and emotion, interpretation of sensory stimuli, and coordination of body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

spinal cord (function)

A

main pathway for transmission of information between the brain and body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cranial nerves (function)

A

12 pairs of nerves that emerge from the base if the skull and may act in a motor capacity, sensory capacity, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

spinal nerves (function)

A

31 pairs of nerves that emerge from the spine and act in motor and sensory capacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

consists of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

white matter

A

made up of bundles of axons and their white lipoid myelin sheaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

gray matter

A

made up of unmyelinated fibers, dendrites, and nerve cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

cerebrum (brain)

A

the largest, uppermost portion of the brain responsible for sensory reception and interpretation, language, voluntary movement, and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

corpus callosum (cerebrum)

A

joins hemispheres of the the cerebrum permitting communication between the right and left sides of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hemisphere lobes (cerebrum)

A

1) frontal
2) parietal
3) temporal
4) occipital
5) insula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

gyri

A

folds, or convolutions, of the cerebral surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

sulci

A

furrows, or fissures, that separate the gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

cerebral cortex

A

thin layer that covers the entire cerebrum, is composed of gray matter, and processes most information in the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

cerebellum (brain)

A

second largest structure of the brain that is responsible for movement, posture, or balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

diencephalon/interbrain (brain)

A

composed of the thalamus and hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

thalamus (interbrain)

A

receives all sensory stimuli except olfactory stimuli and processes and transmits them to the appropriate center in the cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

hypothalamus (interbrain)

A

regulated involuntary activities as well as many endocrine functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

brainstem (brain)

A

acts as the pathway for impulse conduction between the brain and spinal cord; made up of the midbrain, medulla, and the pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

mesencephalon/midbrain (brainstem)

A

separates the cerebrum from the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

medulla (brainstem)

A

attaches to the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

pons (brainstem)

A

connecting the midbrain to the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

spinal cord

A

transmits sensory impulses form the body to the brain and motor impulses from the brain for the muscles and organs of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

meninges

A

provide limited protection for the brain and spinal cord; 3 types of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

dura matter/pachymeninges (meninges)

A

the outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord; tough, fibrous, dense, and composed primarily of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

subdural space (dura matter)

A

cavity beneath the dura matter which is filled with serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

arachnoid (meninges)

A

the middle covering which has a spider-web appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

subarachnoid space (arachnoid)

A

cavity underneath the arachnoid layer which contains cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (arachnoid)

A

fluid that circulates around the spinal cord and brain that provides nutritive substances and acts as a shock absorber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

pia matter (meninges)

A

innermost layer which directly adheres to the brain and spinal cord which contains numerous blood vessels and lymphatics that nourish underlying tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

leptomeninges

A

made up of the arachnoid and pia matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

composed of all nervous tissue located outside the skiable column and skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

somatic nervous system (PNS)

A

made up of motor nerves that influence voluntary muscles; is made up of cranial nerves and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

automatic nervous system (PNS)

A

made up of motor nerves that influence involuntary muscles, glands, and heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

cranial nerves (somatic nervous system)

A

made up of 12 pairs of cranial nerves (sensory, motor, or a mixture of both types of neurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

sensory (afferent) nerves

A

receive impulses from the sense organs, to e environment, and the visceral organs and transmit them to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

motor (efferent) nerves

A

conduct impulse from the CNS to muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

mixed nerves

A

composed of sensory and motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

spinal nerves (somatic nervous system)

A

made up of 31 pairs of mixed nerve; have an anterior root (motor fibers) and posterior root (sensory fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

automatic nervous system (PNS)

A

consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions to regulate the automatic functions of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

gangli/o

A

ganglion (knot or knotlike mass)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

gli/o

A

glue; neuroglial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

lept/o

A

thin, slender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

lex/o

A

word, phrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

mening/o

A

meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

meningi/o

A

meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

narc/o

A

stupor; numbness; sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

sthen/o

A

strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (usually referring to the meninges)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

ton/o

A

tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (of the heart or brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

-algesia

A

pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

-algia

A

pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness, debility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

-esthesia

A

feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

-kinesia

A

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

86
Q

-paresis

A

partial paralysis

87
Q

-phasia

A

speech

88
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

89
Q

-taxia

A

order, coordination

90
Q

pachy-

A

thick

91
Q

para-

A

near, beside; beyond

92
Q

syn-

A

union, together, joined

93
Q

neurology

A

the branch of medicine concerned with neurological diseases

94
Q

neurologist

A

the physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system disorders

95
Q

psychiatry

A

the branch of medicine concerned with mental illnesses

96
Q

psychiatrist

A

the physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental illnesses

97
Q

cerebrovascular disease

A

a group of disorders affecting the vessels that supply blood to the brain

98
Q
  • stroke
  • cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
  • “brain attack”
A

medical emergency in which brain tissue begins to die when denied oxygen

99
Q

ischemic stroke

A

similar to a heart attack and includes emboli, thrombi, and atherosclerosis that limited blood flow to brain tissue

100
Q

intracerebral hemorrhage

A

sudden rupture of an artery within the brain; released blood compresses brain structures and destroys them

101
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

blood is released into the space between the brain and the tissue that surround the brain; typically caused by a ruptured aneurysm and is usually fatal

102
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

a type of stroke in which symptoms resolve within 24 hours and do not cause permanent damage; they are oferten a precursor to a full-blown stroke

103
Q

seizure disorders

A

any medical condition characterized by sudden changes in behavior or consciousness caused by uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain

104
Q

epileptic seizures

A

have no know cause, are chronic, and occur repeatedly

105
Q

nonepileptic seizures

A

triggered by disorders or conditions that irritate the brain

106
Q

partial seizures

A

only a portion of the brain is involved

107
Q

generalized seizure

A

the entire brain is involved in

108
Q

tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures

A

the body alternates between excessive muscle tone and rigidity (tonic) and jerking muscle contractions (clonic) in the extremities

109
Q

postictal event

A

symptoms after a seizure

110
Q

aura

A

a warning signal of an imminent seizure

111
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

an autoimmune disease that targets the myelin sheath in the nerves of the central nervous system causing inflammation, sclerosing, and demyelination

112
Q

mental illness

A

an array of psychological disorders, syndromes, and behavioral patterns that cause alterations in mood, behavior, and thinking

113
Q

clinical psychologist

A

an individual trained in evaluating human behavior, intelligence, and personality

114
Q

affective disorder

A

psychological disorder in which the major characteristic is an abnormal mood, usually mania or depression

115
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain adequate weight for age and height and an all-consuming defuse to remain thin

116
Q

anxiety

A

psychological “worry” dispenser characterized by excessive pondering or thinking “what if…”

117
Q

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

disorder affecting children and adults and characterized by impulsiveness, overactivity, and the inability to remain focused on a task

118
Q

autism

A

developmental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and absorption in fantasy, usually accompanied by an inability to communicate even on a basic level

119
Q

bipolar disorder

A

mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, emotion, and the ability to function; also called manic-depressive illness

120
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

eating disorder characterized by binging (overeating) and purging (vomiting or use of laxatives)

121
Q

depression

A

mood disorder associated with sadness, despair, discouragement and, commonly, feelings of low self-esteem, guilt, and withdrawal

122
Q

mania

A

mood disorder characterized by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganized behavior, and excessively elevated mood

123
Q

neurosis

A

nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior

124
Q

panic attack

A

sudden, intense feeling of fear that comes without warning and is not attributable to any immediate danger

125
Q

psychosis

A

major emotional disorder in which contact with reality is lost to the point that the individual is incapable of meeting the challenges of daily life

126
Q

primary intracranial tumors

A

intracranial tumors that originate directly in brain tissue

127
Q

papilledema

A

swelling of the optic disc in the back of the eyeball

128
Q

agnosia

A

inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olfactory, or other sensations, even though the sensory sphere is intact

129
Q

Alzheimer disease (AD)

A

types of age-associated dementia caused by small lesions called plaques that develop in the cerebral cortex and interrupt the passage of electrochemical signals between cells; also called cerebral degeneration

130
Q

anencephaly

A

congenital deformity in which some or all of the fetal brain is missing

131
Q

closed head trauma

A

injury to the head in which the dura matter remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed

132
Q

coma

A

abnormally deep unconsciousness with an absence of voluntary response to stimuli

133
Q

concussion

A

traumatic injury to the brain that causes unconsciousness and is commonly of a temporary nature

134
Q

convulsion

A

any sudden or violent contraction of one or more voluntary muscles that is commonly associated with such brain disorders as epilepsy

135
Q

dementia

A

broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment

136
Q

dyslexia

A

inability to learn and process written language, despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability, and exposure to

137
Q

Guillain-Barré syndrome

A

autoimmune condition and causes acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves damaging their myelin sheaths, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness; also called infective or idiopathic polyneuritis

138
Q

herpes zoster

A

acute inflammatory eruption of highly painful vesicles on the trunk of the body or, occasionally, the face that is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox; also called shingles

139
Q

Huntington chorea

A

CNS disorder characterized by quick, low involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration; also called neurodegenerative genetic disorder

140
Q

hydrocephalus

A

accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of brain tissue, and separation of cranial bones

141
Q

lethargy

A

abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli

142
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

chronic, progressive disorder in which a loss of neurotransmitter receptors produces increasingly severe muscle weakness

143
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital deformity of the neural tube (embryonic structure that becomes the fetal brain and spinal cord), which fails to close during fetal development; also called neural tube defect

144
Q

meningocele

A

form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine

145
Q

myelomeningocele

A

most severe form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine

146
Q

occulta

A

form of spina bifida in which one or more vertebrae are malformed, and the spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin

147
Q

palsy

A

paralysis, usually partial, and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor

148
Q

Bell palsy

A

facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of the seventh cranial nerve; also called facial nerve palsy

149
Q

cerebral palsy (CP)

A

type off paralysis that affects movement and muscle coordination and may affect gross and fine motor skills

150
Q

paralysis

A

loss of voluntary motion in one of more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation

151
Q

paresthesia

A

sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity

152
Q

Parkinson disease

A

degenerative disorder in which the progressive loss of brain vela leads to impairment in motor function, including tremors, muscular rigidity, and a slowing of movement; also called paralysis agitans or shaking palsy

153
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

154
Q

radiculopathy

A

disorder affecting one of more nerves at the location where the nerve root exits the spine and commonly the result of a herniated or compressed disk, degenerative changes, arthritis, or bone source; also called radiculitis

155
Q

Reye syndrome

A

potentially fatal syndrome that commonly causes brain swelling and liver damage and is characterized by confusion, hyperventilation, violent behavior, seizures, and possibly coma; also called acute noninflammatory encephalopathy and fatty degenerative liver failure

156
Q

syncope

A

braid lots of conspiracies and postures caused by a temporary decrease of blood flow to the brain; also called fainting

157
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses

158
Q

electromyography (EMG)

A

recording of electrical signals (action potentials) that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction to assess muscular disease or nerve damage

159
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids (such as radiopaque substances) to be injected; also canned spinal puncture and spinal tap

160
Q

nerve conduction velocity (NCV)

A

test that measures the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve

161
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

A

laboratory test to examine a sample of fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord that helps diagnose disorders of the central nervous system, including viral and bacterial infection, tumors, and hemorrhage

162
Q

computed tomography angiography (CTA, CT angiography)

A

radiographic image of the interior of a vessel in combination with a CT scan to produce high-resolution, three-dimensional images of blood vessels

163
Q

discography

A

CT scan of the lumbar region after injection of a contrast medium to detect problems with the spine and spinal nerve roots

164
Q

echoencephalography

A

ultrasound technique used to study intracranial structures of the brain and diagnose conditions that cause a shift in the midline structures of the brain

165
Q

magnetic source imaging (MSI)

A

noninvasive neuroimaging technique to pinpoint the specific location where seizure activity originated and enable custom surgical treatment for tumor and epileptic tissue resection; also called magnetoencephalography (MEG)

166
Q

myelography

A

radiographic examination to detect parking off the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors following injection of a contrast medium

167
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

computed tomography that records the positrons (positively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical and produced a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity if body tissues to determine the presence of disease

168
Q

cryosurgery

A

technique that exposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it

169
Q

thalamotomy

A

partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain; involuntary movements, including tennis in Parkinson disease; or emotional disturbances

170
Q

tractotomy

A

transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord

171
Q

trephination

A

technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure

172
Q

ventriculoperitoneal shunting

A

relieves intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus by diverting (shunting) excess cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles into the peritoneal or thoracic cavity

173
Q

intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

A

treatment for ischemic stroke using tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a potent clot-busting drug, injected directly into a vein

174
Q

plasmapheresis

A

extracorporeal procedure to treat patients with autoimmune disease by removing their plasma containing the offending antibodies and replacing it with donor plasma or plasma substitutes

175
Q

stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)

A

procedure that uses three-dimensional imaging (stereotactic) along with high doses of highly focused radiation to destroy tumors and organs abnormal growths of the brain, spinal column, and other body sites with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissue

176
Q

anesthetics

A

produce partial or complete loss of sensation, with or without loss of consciousness

177
Q

general anesthetics

A

act upon the brain to produce complete loss of feeling with loss of consciousness

178
Q

local anesthetics

A

act upon nerves or nerve tracts to affect only a local area

179
Q

nerve block anesthetics

A

blocks pain from the area supplied by that nerve

180
Q

anticonvulsants

A

prevent uncontrolled neuron activity associated with seizures by altering electrical transmission along neurons or altering the chemical composition of neurotransmitters; also called antiepileptics

181
Q

antiparkisonian agents

A

control tremors and muscle rigidity associated with Parkinson disease by increasing dopamine in the brain

182
Q

Psychiatric antianxiety agents

A

react at distinct receptor sites in the limbic and cortical system to decrease anxiety

183
Q

antipsychotics

A

treat psychosis, paranoia, and schizophrenia by altering chemicals in the brain, including the limbic system, which controls emotions

184
Q

antidepressants

A

treat multiple symptoms of depression by increasing levels of specific neurotransmitters

185
Q

hypnotics

A

depress central nervous system (CNS) functions, promote sedation and sleep, and relieve agitation, anxiousness, and restlessness

186
Q

psychostimulants

A

reduce impulsive behavior by increasing the level of neurotransmitters

187
Q

AD

A

Alzheimer disease

188
Q

AChR

A

acetylcholine receptor

189
Q

ADHD

A

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

190
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

191
Q

CP

A

cerebral palsy

192
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

193
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

194
Q

CTA

A

computed tomography angiography

195
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

196
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalography

197
Q

EMG

A

electromyography

198
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

199
Q

IV

A

intravenous

200
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

201
Q

MEG

A

magnetoencephalography

202
Q

MG

A

myasthenia gravis

203
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

204
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis; mental status; musculoskeletal; mitral stenosis

205
Q

MSI

A

magnetic source imaging

206
Q

NCV

A

nerve conduction velocity

207
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

208
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

209
Q

SRS

A

stereotactic radiosurgery

210
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

211
Q

tPA

A

tissue plasminogen activator

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions