chapter16 Flashcards
What is the entry point for food and initial digestion in the gastrointestinal system?
Mouth
What is the function of the esophagus in the gastrointestinal system?
Transport tube connecting mouth to stomach
What organ in the gastrointestinal system is responsible for acid production and food breakdown?
Stomach
What is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract?
Small Intestine
What is the main role of the large intestine?
Water absorption and waste preparation
What term describes the complex ecosystem of microorganisms in the GI tract?
Resident Flora
How do antibiotics affect resident flora in the gastrointestinal system?
Disrupt the balance of the resident flora, leading to imbalances
What can be used to replenish and restore the balance of beneficial flora?
Probiotics
Which type of bacteria represents the largest population within the oral cavity?
Bacteria
How many species are estimated to reside in the adult oral cavity?
Over 700 species
What is the primary cause of most gastric and peptic ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
What is the main characteristic of the small intestine compared to the stomach?
Offers a more favorable environment for bacteria
What is the typical bacterial population density in the large intestine?
Approximately 1000 distinct bacterial species
What is the primary cause of dental caries?
Dental plaque and proliferation of normal oral flora
What are the two forms of periodontal disease?
- Gingivitis
- Periodontitis
What is the leading cause of gastroenteritis?
Microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, parasites) or toxins
What are common agents that cause gastroenteritis?
- Rotavirus
- Norovirus
- Salmonella
- E. coli
- Campylobacter
- Giardia
- Cryptosporidium
True or False: Gastroenteritis is generally mild in healthy adults but dangerous for infants and the elderly.
True
What is the causative agent of salmonellosis?
Salmonella spp.
What are the symptoms of salmonellosis?
- Diarrhea
- Fever
- Abdominal cramps
What is the incubation period for symptoms of salmonellosis after infection?
12 to 72 hours
What is a key preventive measure for salmonellosis?
Avoid raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, and meat
What is the causative agent of typhoid fever?
Salmonella enterica, serotype Typhi
What type of fever presents similarly to typhoid fever but is milder?
Paratyphoid fever
