chapter 20

Question 1

What are the paired organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones in the female reproductive system?

Answer 1

Ovaries

Ovaries produce hormones like estrogen and progesterone, crucial for reproductive function.

Question 2

What is the role of the Fallopian Tubes?

Answer 2

Transport the egg from the ovaries to the uterus; site of fertilization.

Question 3

What is the function of the uterus?

Answer 3

Supports the developing fetus during pregnancy.

Question 4

What is the vagina?

Answer 4

A muscular canal connecting the uterus to the external environment.

Question 5

What are the mammary glands?

Answer 5

External genitalia involved in lactation.

Question 6

How do hormonal changes in women affect susceptibility to infections?

Answer 6

Fluctuations throughout life significantly alter the vaginal flora.

Question 7

What is bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 7

An imbalance in normal bacteria in the vagina.

Question 8

What is the main harmful bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 8

Gardnerella vaginalis.

Question 9

What are common symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 9

Thin, white discharge with a ‘fishy’ smell, especially after sex.

Question 10

What is Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)?

Answer 10

A condition caused by toxins from Staphylococcus aureus bacteria overstimulating the immune system.

Question 11

What are the signs of Toxic Shock Syndrome?

Answer 11

High fever, sunburn-like rash, low blood pressure, and problems affecting multiple body systems.

Question 12

What are the primary causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

Answer 12

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis.

Question 13

What are common symptoms of PID?

Answer 13

Lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, irregular vaginal bleeding, fever above 101°F.

Question 14

What is cervicitis?

Answer 14

Inflammation of the cervix, usually caused by infections.

Question 15

What is candidiasis?

Answer 15

A fungal infection, commonly known as a yeast infection.

Question 16

What causes candidiasis?

Answer 16

Candida albicans causes 85-90% of vaginal yeast infections.

Question 17

What are the signs of candidiasis?

Answer 17

Intense itching, burning, redness, swelling, and thick white discharge.

Question 18

What is Trichomoniasis?

Answer 18

A protozoan infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis.

Question 19

What are common signs of Trichomoniasis?

Answer 19

Intense itching, burning pain during urination, and white-yellow, foul-smelling discharge.

Question 20

What are the main components of the male reproductive system?

Answer 20

Testes, accessory glands, penis.

Question 21

What causes acute bacterial prostatitis?

Answer 21

Bacteria from the urethra travel to the prostate, predominantly E. coli.

Question 22

What are the signs of acute bacterial prostatitis?

Answer 22

High fever, chills, pelvic pain, painful urination, and cloudy urine.

Question 23

What is epididymitis?

Answer 23

Inflammation of the epididymis, typically a complication of urethritis or prostatitis.

Question 24

What is balanitis?

Answer 24

Inflammation of the glans penis, often due to bacteria or yeast.

Question 25

What increases the risk of male yeast infections?

Answer 25

Taking antibiotics, diabetes, weak immune system, poor hygiene.

Question 26

What is the treatment for Trichomoniasis in males?

Answer 26

Single dose of metronidazole.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: Bacterial vaginosis affects about _______ of women.

Answer 27

30%.

Question 28

True or False: Group B Strep (GBS) is usually harmless in adults but can cause serious infections in newborns.

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

What treatment is typically used for endometritis?

Answer 29

Cephalosporin antibiotics.

Question 30

What is the incubation period for Trichomoniasis?

Answer 30

5-28 days.

Question 31

What are common treatments for mastitis?

Answer 31

Antibiotics, warm compresses, pain relievers.

Question 32

What is the treatment for severe cases of prostatitis?

Answer 32

Hospital care with IV antibiotics.

Question 33

What are the common causes of cervicitis?

Answer 33

Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Herpes, Trichomoniasis.

Question 34

What is the primary symptom of mastitis in new mothers?

Answer 34

Tender, red, painful swelling in the breast.

Question 35

What is the recommended prevention method for Toxic Shock Syndrome?

Answer 35

Use lower-absorbency tampons and change them every 4-8 hours.

Question 36

What is a common consequence of untreated PID?

Answer 36

Infertility affecting 15-20% of women after one episode.

Question 37

What are the organs and structures of the female reproductive system?

Answer 37

Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, Uterus, Vagina, External genitalia, Mammary glands ## Footnote These structures play various roles in reproduction and hormonal regulation.

Question 38

What are the organs and structures of the male reproductive system?

Answer 38

Testes, Accessory glands, Prostate, Seminal vesicles, Cowper’s gland, Penis ## Footnote The male reproductive system is sterile and has no population of normal flora.

Question 39

What is a common microbial infection that affects the female reproductive system?

Answer 39

Vaginosis ## Footnote Caused by opportunistic pathogens in normal resident flora multiplying to abnormally high numbers.

Question 40

What bacterial infection is most often associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)?

Answer 40

Staphylococcus aureus ## Footnote TSS is usually considered a bloodborne infection and can result from tampon use.

Question 41

What are the common symptoms of both female and male reproductive system infections?

Answer 41

Fever, abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, painful urination, tender and enlarged organs ## Footnote Symptoms can vary based on the specific infection and gender.

Question 42

What is Endometritis?

Answer 42

Infection of the lining of the uterus, most frequently caused by E. coli and group B streptococci ## Footnote Symptoms include fever and severe abdominal pain.

Question 43

What is the treatment for Mastitis?

Answer 43

Antibiotics of choice are penicillin and dicloxacillin ## Footnote Mastitis occurs in mammary glands of nursing mothers.

Question 44

What is the causative agent of Trichomoniasis?

Answer 44

Trichomonas vaginalis ## Footnote This protozoan infection is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The infection characterized by vaginal itching and a thick white or yellowish-green discharge is called _______.

Answer 45

Candidiasis ## Footnote It is commonly referred to as a yeast infection.

Question 46

What are the typical treatments for bacterial infections of the male reproductive system?

Answer 46

Antibiotics ## Footnote Specific antibiotics may vary based on the infection type.

Question 47

What are the common preventive measures for female reproductive system infections?

Answer 47

Avoid frequent douching, avoid tampons that irritate vaginal wall, avoid tight pants, use cotton crotch panties ## Footnote These measures help maintain normal flora and reduce irritation.

Question 48

True or False: The male reproductive system typically contains resident flora.

Answer 48

False ## Footnote The male system, with the exception of the lower third of the urethra, contains no resident flora.

Question 49

What is Prostatitis?

Answer 49

An infection of the prostate gland often accompanied by UTI ## Footnote Symptoms include fever, chills, and painful urination.

Question 50

What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

Answer 50

Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries caused by bacteria from the vagina ## Footnote May lead to tissue necrosis and often exhibits severe abdominal pain.

Question 51

What are the symptoms of Epididymitis?

Answer 51

Fever, pain, chills, tender and swollen epididymides ## Footnote This condition is usually a complication of urethritis or prostatitis.

Question 52

Fill in the blank: The inability to retract the foreskin from the glans penis is known as _______.

Answer 52

phimosis ## Footnote This condition increases the risk of balanitis.

Question 53

What is the treatment for fungal infections in males?

Answer 53

Oral antifungal medication ketoconazole or topical clotrimazole ## Footnote Treatment varies depending on whether the infection is internal or surface-level.

Question 54

What role do sphincter muscles play in the reproductive system?

Answer 54

Prevent backflow ## Footnote They are part of the defense mechanisms to prevent infections.

Question 55

What is the relationship between the urinary and reproductive systems?

Answer 55

Close physical proximity and sharing of ducts can contribute to infections ## Footnote This is particularly significant in the male reproductive system.