chapter 24 Flashcards
What is the difference between newly emerging and reemerging infectious diseases?
Newly emerging diseases are newly identified in a population, while reemerging diseases are older diseases that were previously under control but are recurring.
Newly emerging diseases can be caused by various pathogens, while reemerging diseases are known for a long time.
Name the main factors responsible for the emergence of new infectious diseases.
- Human demographics and behavior
- Ecological changes and agricultural development
- International travel and commerce
- Technology and industry
- Microbial adaptation and change
These factors can include migration, urbanization, changes in agricultural practices, and globalization.
What are the four groups into which emerging infectious diseases can be divided?
- Newly emerging diseases (e.g., hantavirus, Ebola, AIDS)
- Reemerging diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, malaria)
- New manifestations of known diseases
- Known agents spreading into new geographical territories (e.g., West Nile virus)
These classifications help in understanding the nature of the diseases’ emergence.
What classification system does the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) use for emerging and reemerging diseases?
- Group I: Pathogens newly recognized in the past 2 decades
- Group II: Reemerging pathogens
- Group III: Agents with bioterrorism potential
This system categorizes pathogens based on their recognition and potential threats.
How can emerging infectious diseases be addressed and prevented?
By monitoring, preventing, and controlling nationally notifiable diseases reported to the public health system.
The CDC plays a critical role in this process.
What role does the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) play in relation to emerging infectious diseases?
The CDC is the lead U.S. federal agency providing information, recommendations, and technical assistance for state and local health departments.
This includes efforts in disease monitoring and outbreak control.
True or False: Emerging infectious diseases can only be caused by viruses.
False
They can also be caused by bacteria, fungi, protozoans, or helminths.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a factor of emergence and reemergence that involves changes in agricultural practices.
[Ecological changes and agricultural development]
This includes changes in land use and economic development.
What are some examples of other factors contributing to the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases?
- Human susceptibility to infection (e.g., compromised immune system)
- Poverty and malnutrition
- War and famine
- Climate, weather, and natural disasters
- Intent to harm (bioterrorism)
These factors can exacerbate the spread and impact of infectious diseases.
What is the purpose of global surveillance of infectious diseases?
To monitor and control disease outbreaks and endemic diseases both in the U.S. and abroad.
It also provides diplomatic and economic benefits and enhances security.
What are the priority areas for global concerns regarding infectious diseases?
- International outbreak assistance
- Evolving approach to global disease surveillance
- Applied research on diseases of global importance
- Identification of proven public health tools
- Global initiatives for disease control
- Public health training with CDC support
These areas focus on improving global health response capabilities.
What is the difference between newly emerging and reemerging infectious diseases?
Newly emerging diseases are newly identified in a population, while reemerging diseases are older diseases that were previously under control but are recurring.
Newly emerging diseases can be caused by various pathogens, while reemerging diseases are known for a long time.
Name the main factors responsible for the emergence of new infectious diseases.
- Human demographics and behavior
- Ecological changes and agricultural development
- International travel and commerce
- Technology and industry
- Microbial adaptation and change
These factors can include migration, urbanization, changes in agricultural practices, and globalization.
What are the four groups into which emerging infectious diseases can be divided?
- Newly emerging diseases (e.g., hantavirus, Ebola, AIDS)
- Reemerging diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, malaria)
- New manifestations of known diseases
- Known agents spreading into new geographical territories (e.g., West Nile virus)
These classifications help in understanding the nature of the diseases’ emergence.
What classification system does the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) use for emerging and reemerging diseases?
- Group I: Pathogens newly recognized in the past 2 decades
- Group II: Reemerging pathogens
- Group III: Agents with bioterrorism potential
This system categorizes pathogens based on their recognition and potential threats.
How can emerging infectious diseases be addressed and prevented?
By monitoring, preventing, and controlling nationally notifiable diseases reported to the public health system.
The CDC plays a critical role in this process.
What role does the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) play in relation to emerging infectious diseases?
The CDC is the lead U.S. federal agency providing information, recommendations, and technical assistance for state and local health departments.
This includes efforts in disease monitoring and outbreak control.
True or False: Emerging infectious diseases can only be caused by viruses.
False
They can also be caused by bacteria, fungi, protozoans, or helminths.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a factor of emergence and reemergence that involves changes in agricultural practices.
[Ecological changes and agricultural development]
This includes changes in land use and economic development.
What are some examples of other factors contributing to the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases?
- Human susceptibility to infection (e.g., compromised immune system)
- Poverty and malnutrition
- War and famine
- Climate, weather, and natural disasters
- Intent to harm (bioterrorism)
These factors can exacerbate the spread and impact of infectious diseases.
What is the purpose of global surveillance of infectious diseases?
To monitor and control disease outbreaks and endemic diseases both in the U.S. and abroad.
It also provides diplomatic and economic benefits and enhances security.
What are the priority areas for global concerns regarding infectious diseases?
- International outbreak assistance
- Evolving approach to global disease surveillance
- Applied research on diseases of global importance
- Identification of proven public health tools
- Global initiatives for disease control
- Public health training with CDC support
These areas focus on improving global health response capabilities.
