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chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary difference between sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

A

STIs involve the presence of pathogenic organisms, while STDs manifest as symptoms and damaging effects resulting from an infection.

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2
Q

Define sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

A

STIs are characterized by the presence of pathogenic organisms in a host, even in the absence of noticeable symptoms.

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3
Q

Which organs are primarily affected by STIs in females?

A
  • Ovaries
  • Fallopian Tubes
  • Uterus
  • Vagina and External Genitalia
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4
Q

Which organs are primarily affected by STIs in males?

A
  • Testes
  • Prostate Gland
  • Urethra
  • Penis
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5
Q

What is the causative agent of gonorrhea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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6
Q

List common transmission routes for gonorrhea.

A
  • Vaginal sexual activity
  • Anal sexual activity
  • Oral sexual activity
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7
Q

What are some symptoms of gonorrhea?

A
  • Discharge
  • Pain
  • Asymptomatic in some cases
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8
Q

True or False: Gonorrhea can increase the risk of HIV and chlamydia.

A

True

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9
Q

What bacterium causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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10
Q

What are the stages of syphilis infection?

A
  • Primary Stage
  • Secondary Stage
  • Tertiary Stage
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11
Q

What characterizes the primary stage of syphilis?

A

Small, red sores called chancres that appear and eventually disappear.

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12
Q

What are chlamydial infections caused by?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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13
Q

What is a common complication of untreated chlamydial infections?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

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14
Q

What are common causes of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)?

A
  • Mycoplasma hominis
  • Ureaplasma urealyticum
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15
Q

What is the primary symptom of chancroid?

A

Soft, painful lesions or chancres

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16
Q

What is the causative agent of donovanosis?

A

Klebsiella granulomatis

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17
Q

What is a common symptom of donovanosis?

A

Irregular, painless ulcers on or near the genitals

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18
Q

List some emerging bacterial infections mentioned.

A
  • Mycoplasma genitalium
  • Neisseria meningitis
  • Shigella flexneri
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19
Q

What chronic viral infection affects the immune system and can lead to AIDS?

A

HIV

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20
Q

What are the types of hepatitis that can be transmitted sexually?

A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
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21
Q

What is the primary cause of genital herpes?

A

Herpes simplex virus (HSV-2 or HSV-1)

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22
Q

True or False: There is a cure for genital herpes.

A

False

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23
Q

What is the most common viral STI associated with genital warts?

A

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

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24
Q

What is the causative agent of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Molluscum contagiosum virus

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25
What is a common treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Oral antifungal agents
26
What is the cause of trichomoniasis?
Trichomonas vaginalis
27
What are the treatment options for trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole or tinidazole
28
List two emerging protozoan infections mentioned.
* Entamoeba histolytica * Giardia lamblia
29
What is the primary transmission route for Entamoeba histolytica?
Primarily through men having sex with men
30
What is the difference between sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
STIs refer to the presence of pathogenic organisms while STDs refer to the appearance of symptoms and damaging effects from an infection.
31
What is gonorrhea and its causative agent?
Gonorrhea is the most reported STI in the United States caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
32
How is gonorrhea transmitted?
Transmitted through vaginal, anal, and oral sexual activity.
33
What are the potential complications of untreated gonorrhea?
Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infections of joints, bacteremia, and blindness in newborns.
34
What are the stages of syphilis?
Primary, secondary, and tertiary stages.
35
What are the symptoms of primary syphilis?
Small red sores (chancres) that will disappear, leaving a scar.
36
What is the causative agent of chlamydial infections?
Chlamydia trachomatis.
37
Which bacterial STIs are less common?
* Nongonococcal urethritis * Chancroid * Donovanosis
38
What causes chancroid?
Haemophilus ducreyi.
39
What is the primary symptom of chancroid?
Soft, painful lesions or chancres.
40
What is the causative agent of donovanosis?
Klebsiella granulomatis.
41
What are the symptoms of genital herpes?
Highly contagious with varying signs and symptoms.
42
What is the treatment for genital herpes?
Antiviral medications to shorten and prevent outbreaks.
43
What is the causative agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Candida albicans.
44
What is the treatment for jock itch?
Topical antifungal medications.
45
What is the cause of trichomoniasis?
Trichomonas vaginalis.
46
What are the treatment options for trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole or tinidazole.
47
What is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis B?
Sexual transmission, sharing of needles, or from infected mother during birth.
48
True or False: There is a vaccine for gonorrhea.
False.
49
What is the primary symptom of secondary syphilis?
A wide variety of symptoms can appear 2 to 10 weeks after the primary stage.
50
How is hepatitis C primarily transmitted?
Mostly by blood-to-blood contact, may also be sexually transmitted.
51
What is the treatment for Mycoplasma genitalium infections?
Primarily treated with azithromycin and moxifloxacin.
52
Fill in the blank: HIV is the causative agent of ______.
AIDS
53
What is the definition of AIDS?
A syndrome characterized by complex signs and symptoms resulting in many opportunistic infections.
54
What is a common consequence of untreated chlamydial infections?
Serious health problems for both men and women.
55
What is the incubation period for syphilis?
10 to 90 days after initial infection.
56
What is the treatment for balanitis?
Topical antifungal medications.
57
What are the emerging protozoan infections identified as sexually transmitted?
* Entamoeba histolytica * Giardia lamblia
58
What is the primary symptom of genital warts caused by HPV?
Visible genital warts.
59
True or False: There is a cure for HPV.
False.
60
What are the common organs affected by STIs in females?
* Ovaries * Fallopian tubes * Uterus * Vagina * External genitalia
61
What are the common organs affected by STIs in males?
* Testes * Prostate gland * Urethra * Penis
62
What is the treatment for emerging bacterial infections like Neisseria meningitis?
Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, Penicillin G, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolone.

bio 101 (27 decks)

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