chapter 14 Flashcards
What are the layers of skin and soft tissue involved in bacterial skin infections?
Epidermis and subcutaneous fat
Infections can be limited to the epidermis (e.g., impetigo) or involve deeper layers (e.g., cellulitis)
What is a localized collection of pus in infected tissue called?
Abscess
It serves as a defense mechanism to prevent the spread of infectious material.
What is the most common cause of furuncles (boils)?
Staphylococcus aureus
Exposure to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hot tubs or pools may also be causative.
What type of infection is cellulitis?
Acute infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Usually caused by S. aureus, streptococci, or other bacteria.
What is impetigo also known as?
Pyoderma
It is a superficial skin infection limited to the epidermis.
What toxin is involved in Scalded Skin Syndrome?
S. aureus toxin
It affects the top layer of the epidermis.
What is MRSA an abbreviation for?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
It can be healthcare-associated (HA-MRSA) or community-associated (CA-MRSA).
What is erysipelas characterized by?
Raised advancing edges and sharp borders
It is generally caused by group A Streptococcus.
What is the mortality rate of acute necrotizing fasciitis?
40% to 60%
It requires immediate and aggressive treatment.
What bacterium causes acne?
Propionibacterium acnes
It causes local inflammation and eruption of pimples.
What is the causative agent of leprosy?
Mycobacterium leprae
It affects peripheral nerves and causes tissue damage.
What is osteomyelitis?
Infection of the bone
Most commonly caused by S. aureus.
What virus causes warts?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Warts are small, rough tumors often found on hands and feet.
What are the strains of herpes simplex infections?
HSV-1 and HSV-2
HSV-1 usually affects lips and mouth, while HSV-2 primarily affects genitals.
What virus is responsible for chickenpox?
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
It is transmitted by respiratory droplets.
What condition does VZV cause later in life?
Shingles
It occurs when the virus reactivates in older adults or those with impaired immunity.
What is molluscum contagiosum?
A viral infection caused by poxvirus
It presents as raised pearl-like nodules on the skin.
What is another name for Roseola Infantum?
Sixth Disease
It is caused by HHV-6 and 7 and primarily affects children aged 6 months to 3 years.
What virus causes smallpox?
Variola virus
It is a member of Orthopoxvirus and has a high mortality rate.
What are dermatophytes?
Most important fungi causing tinea infections
They live off dead, keratinized cells of the epidermis.
What is Tinea Capitis?
Infection of the scalp
It causes itchy, red areas and can destroy hair.
What is Tinea Corporis characterized by?
Round, erythematous ring of vesicles or papules with a clear center
It is contagious and can be spread by pets.
What causes Tinea Versicolor?
Malassezia globosa
It is not contagious and affects young people’s skin.
What is Tinea Cruris commonly known as?
Jock itch
It is most commonly seen in adult men.
