chapter two Flashcards
when was the treaty of versailles
January 1919
when was Germany given the treaty
16th June 1919
how did the germanys recieval of the treaty cause problems
given the treaty with ultimatum clause with 7 days to accept
caused political crisis
how did Germany view the treaty
as a diktat
a dictated peace
terms of the treaty
territorial loses
lost 13% of territory
alsace lorraine returned to France
terms of the treaty
disarment
army limited to 100,000
no tanks or gas
navy 15,000 soliders
6 battleships
no submarines
terms of the treaty
war guilt
article 231 , Germany was liable to pay reparation
terms of the treaty
rhineland
the left bank of the Rhine and 50km strip on the right bank was demilitarised
terms of the treaty
the Saarland
area of south western Germany which had reserves of coal
placed under League of Nations control for 15 years
supplied France Belgium and Italy with free coal a part of reparations
terms of the treaty
anschluss
unification with Austria was forbidden
germans reaction to the treaty
self determination
wilson in his 14 points advocated for self determination for Germany
7 million people who considered themselves German became minorities in other countries .
SOURCE OF RESENTMENT
germanys reaction to the treaty
reparations and war guilt clause
reparations
SOURCE OF ANGER
germans felt level was too high and would cripple the economy
war guilt
HUMILIATED
unjust national humiliation , felt forced into the war
germanys reaction to the treaty
unfair
Germany saw the Saarland under French control as unfair
saw disarmament and exclusion from league of nation as unfair .
germanys reaction to the treaty
hypocritical
brest-litovsk treaty in march 1918 required Russia to give up almost half its European territory
- world saw Germany as hypocritical for resenting their terms in comparison to the harsh terms they imposed on Russia
reaction of pro republican parties
Spd asked opponents in the dnvp , dvp , ddp to say those who voted for the treaty were unpatriotic
outwardly comply with treaty while negotiating for modifications
turned some supporters against republic
political demoralisation republic made it look weak and as a failure
reaction of the right
German nationalists could not accept military defeat or the establishment of new republic
- many nationalists joined groups to overthrow republic
saw politicians to lack legitimacy betrayed fatherlaand by signing t of v
- stab in the back myth
new civilian led gov to try get better peace terms
Britains reaction
British public opinion was satisfied that Germany had lost its overseas empire couldn’t threaten Europe
privately llyod George believed that Germany should not be weak that it would be unable to resist expansion of the ussr
wanted Germany to be a strong trading partner with Britain
John Maynard keynes
a British economist who argued that the level of reparations was too high
it was an act of “political unwisdom”
frances reaction
wanted revenge
many French regarded treaty as too lenient on Germany
demands of Alsace Lorraine , demilitrisation of Rhineland and reparation had been met
usa reaction
generally negative
widespread opinion that the treaty was unfair to Germany and that Britain and France had used the treaty to enrich themselves
usa made a operate peace with Germany in 1921 and entreated involvement in European affairs
