chapter eleven

Question 1

appointment of hitler

Question 2

30 jan 1933

Answer 2

hitler summoned to hidenbergs office
hitler was inv by hidenberg to lead a new government of national concentration , a coalition in which the Nazi Party would share power w DVNP and others incl Franz Von Papen

Question 3

after meeting 30 jan 1933

Answer 3

Hitler had been appointed chancellor of the new government as hitler was the leader of the largest party in the reichstag
Papen and Hidenberg thought due to his lack of his experience he would be easy to control and manipulate

Question 4

in 1932 hitler and the nazis won enough votes to become largest party in reichstag but

Answer 4

did not have absolute majority and large majority of germans supported other parties

Question 5

KEY TO REMEMBER
hitler did not become chancellor based on a nazi led political uprising

Answer 5

his appointment as chancellor was fundamentally down to the backstairs intrigue

Question 6

political and economic crisis
the fall of brunings gov was

Answer 6

march 1930 - may 1932

Question 7

brunings coalition march 1930-may 1932 did not have majority support in the reich

Question 8

brunings appointment by hidenebrg had been heavily influenced by …

Answer 8

schleicher
and could only make laws if approved by Hidenberg and Schleicher

Question 9

Schleicher was determined to bring back a more authoritarian style of government and attempted this under Burning …

Answer 9

this meant brunings gov ruled largely under presidential decree

Question 10

economic policy
brunings priority was too reduce state expenditure by cutting welfare benefits reducing the number of cicil servants and cutting wages , dubbed the

Answer 10

hunger chancellor

Question 11

these economic policy measures contributed to the depression and by feb 1932 unemployment reached …

Answer 11

6 million and exceeded

Question 12

as unemployment increased so did the electoral support for the nazis and the communists in turn

Answer 12

the level or street violence also rose

Question 13

spring 1932
growing alarm among the middl class and upper class over the belief that …

Answer 13

germany was descending into chaos and that a communist revolution was possible

Question 14

April 1932

Answer 14

burning imposed a ban on the SA in an attempt to stop street violence

Question 15

under bruning the political situation continued to detoriate and in turn

Answer 15

Schleicher withdrew his support
- was concerned that in imposing ban this would provoke a nazi uprising and came to the conclusion after the presidential election that no gov could rule w out nazi support

Question 16

in talks with Schleicher hitler refused to join a coalition unless he was chancellor
hitler did not agree to

Answer 16

oppose a new gov
on condition that there would be a new reichstag election
and that the ban on the SA was lifted

Question 16

hindenbrg acting on Schleichers advice refused to sign a presidential decree bruning had submitted and in turn

Answer 16

bruning had no alternative but to resign , hideneberg replaced him with papen.

Question 17

papens government

Answer 17

may - December 1932

Question 18

following the orders of hideneberg and Schleicher papen attempted to establish a..

Answer 18

government of national concentration and constructed his gov on a non political basis

Question 19

only party that supported papens attempt at gov was DNVP in turn was rewarded with

Answer 19

two posts in cabinet

Question 20

all other positions in cabinet were filled by …

Answer 20

men not from the reichstag but from the landowning elite hence the nickname ‘ cabinet of barons ‘

Question 21

the limited support papens gov had meant it had to

Answer 21

rule by decree
- which did suit papens authoritarian style

Question 22

papen believed the greatest threat too germany was a communist revolution and that weimar had allowed this to grow

Answer 22

papen as an aristocrat looked down on the nazis although he did sympathise with hitlers ideas
saw their mass popular support as useful allies

Question 23

June 1932

Answer 23

papen lifted the ban on the SA and imposed curbs on left wing press
- resulting in a new wave of street violence especially during the reichstag election campaign of July 1932`

Question 24

JULY 17 1932

Answer 24

most serious incident of political violence occurred in Hamburg happened in a mainly working clas district with a large kpd following large SA march was confronted by several hundred communists police panicked and open attacked on the communists killing 18 and injuring over 100

Question 25

papen blamed the actions on 17 July on the SPD led state gov of Prussia for the breakdown of law and order

Answer 25

and used this as an excuse to dismiss the gov and declared a state of emergency in Prussia and used the order to impose order in Berlin

Question 26

papen appointed himself reich commissioner in Prussia

Answer 26

his actions went beyond his constitutional powers

Question 27

JULY / NOV 1932 KPD

Answer 27

14.3% J 16.9% N

Question 28

JULY / NOV 1932 SPD

Answer 28

21.6% J 20.4% N

Question 29

JULY / NOV 1932 CENTRE

Answer 29

12.4% J 11.9% N

Question 30

JULY / NOV 1932 DVP

Answer 30

1.2% J 1.9% N

Question 31

JULY / NOV 1932 DVNP

Answer 31

5.9% J 8.8% N

Question 32

JULY / NOV 1932 NSDAP

Answer 32

37.3% J 33.1% N

Question 33

most moderate parties with the exception of the centre suffered loses in the July 1932 election as

Answer 33

Germanys political life had become even more polarised compared with the previous election in September 1930

Question 34

DVNP suffered heavy loses in July 1932 election to the nazis as

Answer 34

the nazis had established themselves as the main party on the right - succeed in attracting large numbers of middle class voters many whom had not participated in an election before and many of the unemployed

Question 35

who did the nazis not manage to appeal to

Answer 35

the demographic of KPD / SPD voters or the catholic voters from the centre party

Question 36

around July 1932 what did Goebbels note in his diary regarding the successn of then nazis

Answer 36

"we have won a tiny bit.we won't get an absolute majority this way.something must happen. the time for opposition is over.nown deeds!"

Question 37

vote of no confidence for papens gov was passed 512/42

Answer 37

papens postion had weekend and he was forced to ask hideneberg to dissolve the reichstag and call a new election in November 1932

Question 38

nov 1932 nazis lost votes but still remained largest party in the reichstag

Answer 38

lost 2 million votes 34 seats

Question 39

reason for nazi vote loss in nov 1932 was due to hitler alienating the middle class, he did this by

Answer 39

his attacks on papen and his refusal to join a coalition gov if he could not lead it

Question 40

the middle class voters that were alienated by hitler turned to support

Answer 40

the DVP and DVNP saw a modest revival in their electoral support

Question 41

another factor in the nazis alienating then middle class was the fact they supported a communist led transport strike in Berlin during the election campaign

Answer 41

this damaged the perception of the nazis in the eyes of the middle class as they were afraid of a communist revoloution

Question 42

nov 1932 was the worst for papen as his government faced a hostile reichstag majority and he was beginning to loose credibility in the eyes of the army in turn

Answer 42

papen considered banning the nazis and the communist and using the army to enforce an authoritarian style of government , bypassing the reichstag . schleicher informed papen that the army would not support him , had to RESIGN

Question 43

hidenberg had a small group of advisors who were involved in all key decisions chief among these was

Answer 43

Kurt von Schleicher who since 1926 had been the poltical head of the army - had been instrumental in persuading Hindenburg to withdraw his support from bruning in may 1932 and appoint papen - nov 1932 Schleicher was too deeply involved in the downfall off papen

Question 44

papen independent minded

Answer 44

schleicher ambitious quick witted addicted

Question 45

Schleicher as a conservative worked for the restoration of authoritarian rule in Germany but as a pragmatist...

Answer 45

aimed for an alliance between the old conservatives and the nazis , who with their popular support would legitimise authoritarian regime dominated by old conservatives

Question 46

within hidenbergs office their was also two other men

Answer 46

- Oskar von Hindenburg the presidents son , army officer , had close links to Schleicher , opinions valued by his father - Dr Otto Meissner a civil servant who ran the presidents office and acted as a key between hitler and Hindenburgs negotiations .

Question 47

how did Hindenburg regard hitler

Answer 47

with disdain and viewed the nazis as noisy undisciplined rabble - therefore reluctant to concede on hitlers demands too be chancellor , after the fall of papen Hindenburg was running out of options

Question 48

schleichers government

Answer 48

December 1932-january 1933

Question 49

after the fall of papen Schleicher persuaded Hindenburg to appoint him as Chancellor..

Answer 49

hindenburg was reluctant to make this move as he preferred to exercise his influence from behind the scenes

Question 50

Schleicher faced difficulty when trying to construct a government as he alienated papen and lost some of Hindenburgs trust as he conspired abasing papen . Schleicher chose to try ..

Answer 50

and persuade the nazis to join a coalition government led by him

Question 51

the nazis had suffered many setbacks ..

Answer 51

nov 1932 lost 2 million votes dec 1932 state elections lost more support suffering financially

Question 52

Schleicher belived he could use these setbacks and apply pressure on hitler and the divisions in the party in turn

Answer 52

this led to negotiations with the party organisation leader Gregor Strasser - hitler moved quickly to get rid of Strasser and schlecihers bid to. win nazi support was over

Question 53

Schleicher changed tatic and tried to take then approach of a progressive social policy believing that ...

Answer 53

it would gain support from trade unions and through them gain the support of the reichstag

Question 54

as the economic situation improved Schleicher introduced and removed some measures ...

Answer 54

- cancelled cuts in wages and benefits made by papen in sept - considered a large scale job creation scheme to relive unemployment - talked about breaking up some of the large estates in the east and distributing the land to small farmers

Question 55

what did people think of these potential changes

Answer 55

too much for the industrialists and landowners , backbone of the German conservative politics also failed to attract support of unions

Question 56

schleicher failed not get support so in a desperate plea asked hindenburg too

Answer 56

suspend the constitution dissolves the reichstag and give him essentially dictatorship powers - Hindenburg refused and Schleicher resigned

Question 57

papen had been involved in negotiations with hitler over forming a new coalition , hitler still insisted on being chancellor in any new gov he was apart off but he was now ...

Answer 57

Prepared too consider a coalition. - Alfred Hugenberg the DVNP leader indicated that he was prepared to support a nazi led coalition.

Question 58

talks between hitler , papen and Hindenburg begun now without Schleicher which led to a deal..

Answer 58

in which hitler would form a coalition gov with himself as chancellor papen vice chancellor hugenberg run the economics and food ministries - apart from hitler their would only be two other nazis in cabinet

Question 59

hindenburg doubts were laid to rest as papen and Oskar von hindenburg assured him , papen and hidenberg belived that

Answer 59

he would be easy to control due too his poorly educated and inexperienced government

Question 60

summary

Answer 60

hitler could not have become chancellor without the nazis success in elections attempts to form government without the nazis prior had all fell through due to lack of support in reichstag additionally always the perceived threat that if the nazis demands were not met they would push Germany into a civil war hindenburgs advisers concluded it would be safer to haven hitlerin government then excluded from it papen believed he could manipulate hitler , poor judgement