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democracy and nazism > chapter ten > Flashcards

chapter ten Flashcards

1
Q

nazis and communists gained support during what event

A

the depression

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2
Q

were the nazis or communists more successful in gaining support and broadening their appeal

A

nazis

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3
Q

by 1929 where did nazi support come from

A

the lower middle class , the mittlesand

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4
Q

after the wall st crash where did support grow for the nazis

A

white collar workers
small shopkeepers
independent craftsmen

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5
Q

what were the main gains in supports form the nazis

A

the farmers
broader middle class

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6
Q

how did the nazis gain the farmers

A

exploited the by promising them higher prices and protection against imports

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7
Q

how successful were the nazis in gaining the farmers

A

by 1930 success could be seen as some rural constituencies voted for the NSDAP , achieving 68% of the vote in one district in north west germany

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8
Q

why did the nazis gain support of the broader middle class

A

they were scared of a communist revolution , leading them to the NSDAP

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9
Q

nazis did well amongst …

A

young voters and women

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10
Q

where were the nazis geographically the strongest

A

protestant north and east/centre of germany

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11
Q

where were the nazis geographically less strong

A

catholic south

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12
Q

when was hidenberg president

A

1925 - 1932
7 years

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13
Q

after his term hidenberg did not want to run again but was persuaded too against

A

thalmann , a member of the kpd and on the left on the political spectrum

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14
Q

why was hitler reluctant to stand against hindenebrg

A

as he was a conservative icon , still did tho rebel😜

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15
Q

first ballot hindenebrg came short of 50% for an outright victory this triggered

A

a second ballot

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16
Q

what did hitler do prior to the second ballot

A

rented an aeroplane and flew all over germany presenting himself as a national saviour

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17
Q

what was the result of the second ballot

A

Hidenberg won with a 53% outright victory

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18
Q

what % of vote did hitler get in the second ballot

A

nearly 37% , in some rural areas hitler had received more votes than hidenberg

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19
Q

what demographic of people was very important during voting periods

A

working class as they made up nearly half of the electorate making their votes crucial between nazis and com

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20
Q

in 1919 where were most of the working class based

A

large industrial centres especially trade union members

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21
Q

trade union members had supported either SPD or com

A

this pattern continued through the elections of the early 1930s

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22
Q

communists made gains at the expensive of the Spd but coms support was largely confined too

A

large cities

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23
Q

communists were strongest where ..

A

in the poorest areas of the of cities ie Berlin esp among the unemployed

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24
Q

nazi also gained working class support

A

in 1930 27% of nazi voters were manual labourers

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25
Q

between September 1930 and July 1932 the nazis had

A

more then doubled their electoral support

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26
Q

nazi ideology and policy was based around

A

the twenty five point programme of 1920 outlining policy

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27
Q

by 1933 the twenty five point programme was out of date as hitler did not agree with many of its points …

A

while in prison hitler wrote mein kampf , the most complete statement of ideas and aims

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28
Q

hitlers ideas were not original or coherent or consistent ..

A

as he modified policy statements depending on the audience

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29
Q

power of will , hitler presented himself and the nazi movement as …

A

as being a force for change

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30
Q

nazi propaganda claimed that ..

A

power strength and determination to succeed were qualities personified by hitler

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31
Q

the nazi movement and the SA

A

presented an image of discipline and unity

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32
Q

struggle violence and war were at the heart of nazi thinking and actions

A
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33
Q

hitler claimed scientific justification for his view that ..

A

struggle and conflict between races was part of natural order of things

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34
Q

hitler saw war as a necessity as he believed it would

A

reconstruct society and create a new German reich through conquest and the subjugation of other races

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35
Q

what did nazi propaganda glorify

A

the military values of courage loyalty and self sacrifice and the Sa was an organisation to give males the chance to show their manliness

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36
Q

a racial community , hitler wanted the idea of a peoples community

A

or volkgemeinschaft
never define clearly

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37
Q

who did hitler want in this volkgemeinschaft

A

only aryans could be citizens of the state
all others were mere subjects of the state

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38
Q

within the volkgemeinschaft what would it be like

A

no social classes
all germans have equal chance to find their own level in society
all would work together for the good of the nation demonstrating commitment to common German values
in return benefits from access to employment and welfare benefits

39
Q

what did nazism aim for

A

a cultral and social revolution in germany creating the new man and the new woman who were aware of the importance of their race and willingness to follow leadership in pursuit of their aims

40
Q

the nazis peoples community romanticised mythical German past before …

A

the race had become polluted wit alien blood and before industrialisation ha divided society among class lines

41
Q

what ultimately was the volksgemeinschaft based on

A

blood and soil German peasants who had retained their racial impurity and traditional impurity more then city dwellers

42
Q

nazis adopted the national socialist German workers party in an attempt to ..

A

gain working class support and to differentiate from the communist party

43
Q

the points set out in the twenty five point programme were economically and socially similar to …

A

anti capitalist policies of the communists and socialists

44
Q

the communists and socialists called for

A

confiscation of war profits
the nationalisation of large monoply companies
confiscation of land from the large estates without compensation to the landowners

45
Q

hitler could never commit to these aims as he changed his aims depending not he audience he was addressing

A
46
Q

hitler used the term socialism loosely in hopes it would ..

A

attract more working class voters , in his view socialism and volksgemeinschaft were the same . to be national means to act with a boundless all embracing love for the people and if neccessary even to die for it .

47
Q

increasingly after 1929 who did hitler seek the support of

A

wealthy businessmen such as Hugenberg and Fritz Thyssen and was at pain to pressure them to nazi gov would not threaten their interests

48
Q

hitler ultimately set out to destroy weimar as it is a palriamentary democracy because …

A

he viewed this system as weak ineffective and alien to Germany traditions of strong and authoriatarian government , also believed parliamentary democracy encouraged the growth of communism his opinion an even greater evil

49
Q

in April 1922 hitler agreed in a speech ..

A

that “democracy is fundamentally not German ; it is jewish… only a means to the destruction of any destruction of any existing aryan leadership “

50
Q

weimar democracy , established at the end of ww1 was seen as being based on

A

betrayl in which the November criminals had stabbed the German army in the back, as such should be destroyed and replaced by a dictatorship a one party state run on the basis of fuhrerprinzip , the principle of leadership

51
Q

the fruherprinzip was the basis on which the Nazi Party had been run since 1925

A

within the party hiter had supreme control over policy and strategy and party members became subordinated to hitlers will

52
Q

as agerma nationalist , hitler had three main aims

A
  • to reverse the humiliation of the t of v which he described as an instrument of “unlimited blackmail and shameful humiliation “ and restore to germany those lands taken from it
  • to establish a greater German reich in which all German would live in the borders of the state
  • to secure for Germany its “Lebensraum” to settle its people and provide it with the food and raw materials needed to sustain it as a great power since “only an adequately large space on this earth assures a nation its freedom of existence “
53
Q

these nationalistic aims were an aggressive form of nationalism

A

hitler did not merely want to restore gemrnay to its borders of 1914 but also to expand the territory of the reich . this would involve a war of conquest to secure germanys Lebensraum in the east which was justified by hitlers racial theory and his belief in the necessity of the struggle

54
Q

hitler saw the jews as responsible for all of germanys ills and as such jews were represented in nazi propaganda as

A

greedy cunning and only motivated by selfish motives
described as a parasite of other nations having no state of their own and working through a worldwide jewish conspiracy too establish their dominance over other races.

55
Q

furthermore the jews were held responsible for growth of communism and the evils of capitalism

A

on that basis they were held responsible for
germanys defeat in ww1
t of v
its decline as a great power

56
Q

above all hitler regarded communism as a jewish creed that had undermined the political and social cohesion of germany and should be eradicated

A
57
Q

1929 Hitler had undisputed control over the Nazi Party and a leadership cult had been created around him

A

Hitler had a vast amount of political skills and qualities , these were very important to the party

58
Q

many thought he held great charisma and unparalleled oritical skills his speeches..

A

often went on for hours and contained a lot of repetition and outright lies , had a hypnotic effect as he knew he how to play on peoples emotions and fears and to convince them he had the answers

59
Q

Hitler was also an opportunist who could tailor his message to his audience

A

his mass appeal was vital to success of nazi winning votes

60
Q

nazi use jews as a scapegoat in their propaganda responsible for economic and political problems

A

highlighted in the depression as shopkeepers blamed problems on jewish capitalism as more of the public were willing to express their anti semetic views

61
Q

previous dissapproval of nazism faded and focused on nazi work and bread propaganda adapted to social circumstances

A

ie jan 1932 Hitler adressed 650 business men at the industry clubbing Dusseldorf where there was no mention of jews showing how he adapts his message to the audience as other meetings and a heavy mention of jews and encouraged hatred towards them by accusing them of being the cause of the audiences economic troubles

62
Q

the rapid extension of the SA also encouraged radical anti semitism who often chanted

A

Juda verrecke , down with the jews , a very popular chant .

63
Q

hitler had a good understanding of propaganda and as such employed

A

Jospeh goebbels as the reich propaganda chief

64
Q

becoming a member of the SA same with benefits like …

A

a meal ticket
this shows that many ere signing up to the SA to the state of the country not with the motif of practicing anti semitism hate speech

65
Q

hitlers critical skills played a key role in the success of the nazis …

A

gaining support from big businessmen ie Thyssen and hugenberg provided him with money but also enabled him to to travel by air or car all over the country

66
Q

the nazis had there own newspaper and also published many posters / leaflets and put on film shows and staged rallies

A

ultimately done to make a point about nazi strength

67
Q

propaganda skilfully targeted different groups and adapted the message to each

A

nazi speakers were well trained and had good artical skills

68
Q

the nazis wanted to spread a simple message

A

that weimar was responsible for the economic depression, national humiliations and international divisions

69
Q

between 1928 and July 1932 the kpd gained 2 million votes in electoral elections

A

membership had also increased from 117k in 1929 to 360k in 1932

70
Q

this growth in electoral support and memberships shows the kpd to be

A

significant and a growing force especially at street and neighbourhood level in large industrial cities

71
Q

in the 1920s the kpd had concentrated on building a strong presence in factories and workshops where trade union membership was well established

A

after 1929the party was forced by economic circumstances to focus more on unemployment and so set up a committee of the unemployed which staged hunger marches and agitated against benefit cuts

72
Q

kpd also attested to get wild cliques of working class youths into communist led campaigns against the police to

A

reform schools and labour exchanges

73
Q

what were the red front fighters league

A

a group of the kpd that was engaged in frequent battles with the nazis SA and with the police and communists presenting themselves as defenders of the working class districts against the nazis .

74
Q

kpd had some succes with their tactics

A

as areas of cities such as the wedding districts of Berlin effectively fell under communist control

75
Q

the kpd demanded

A

end cuts in unemployment benefits and wages and the legislation of abortion

76
Q

the kpd also advocated for

A

close co operation with ussr
end of military spending
establishment of workers state

77
Q

kpd participated in elections and own seats in the reichstag however its aim was too

A

overthrow weimar

78
Q

the kpd viewed the depression as the nail in capatilasims coffin inevitably lead to a workers revolution

A

the kpds priority was was to replace the Spd on the left and accused it of being damaging to woking class interests and Nazi Party

79
Q

kpd labelled Spd as social fascists and expended much time and energy in fighting them as they did the nazis

A

split attention allowed for the nazis to gain so much

80
Q

strength of com , propaganda

A

used to attract membership

81
Q

posters and speeches of …. were prominent emphasising the class struggle and capitalism

A

Thalmann

82
Q

explicit appeals were made to the

A

unemployed ie bread and freedom

83
Q

electoral support for KPD grew in the years 1930-2 reaching a peak off …

A

16.9% of the votes cast in Nov 1932

84
Q

posters also emphasised KPDs links with USSR and its belief in internationalism

A

KPD propaganda attack SPD and capitalist classes

85
Q

who did KPD propaganda appeal to then most

A

people affected most by the depression

86
Q

the support for the KPD was successful at

A

street and neighbourhood level

87
Q

perceived threat of communism fight ended the middle class to vote nazi

A

led business leaders like rhyssen to give financial support to nazis

88
Q

weakness of kpd

A

never close to launching a successful revolution

89
Q

KPD membership turnover was high more than …

A

50% of its new members in 1932 left within a few months

90
Q

KPD failed to attract support outside the main inudstrial areas and very little appeal amongst

A

women

91
Q

high proportion of KPD members unemployed meaning

A

KPD short of money

92
Q

concentration on fighting social facsists SPD blinded the KPD of the threat of

A

NAZIS

93
Q

summary

A

KPD a serious threat to weimar
nazis did succeed at gaining broad appeal unlike KPD

democracy and nazism (19 decks)

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