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democracy and nazism > chapter seven > Flashcards

chapter seven Flashcards

1
Q

over 61% voted for pro republican parties in

A

May 1924

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2
Q

67% voted for pro republican parties in

A

December 1924

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3
Q

why was may 1924 significant

A

first election the nazis contested in

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4
Q

what % vote hare did the nazis get in may 1924

A

6.5%

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5
Q

what % vote hare did the nazis get in december 1924

A

3%

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6
Q

national political parties on the right began to accept

A

the republic

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7
Q

by the 1928 elections what had the nazi vote share been reduced too

A

2.6%
12 seats
- bavarian party got more a minor political party

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8
Q

in 1928 the KPD made a revival and won how many seats

A

54

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9
Q

how m any coalition cabinets between nov 1924-march 1930

A

seven

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10
Q

golden age was more stable then

A

previous years
1919-1923

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11
Q

6/23 cabinets between 1919-1932 had a

A

majority in the reichstag

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12
Q

how did minority Govs survive in coalitions

A

unity

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13
Q

how does gordon Craig describe weimar

A

resembling “ an endless cabinet crisis “

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14
Q

trivial issues often wrecked cabinets such as the

A

1926 Luther government
collapsed over a dispute over flags
- hidenberg had ordered the old imperial flag to be flown with the republic flag provoking the dispute

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15
Q

why was it hard to create stable coalitions

A

many parties were not willing to work with each other
ie SPD and DNVP would not work in a cabinet with moderate parties

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16
Q

grand coaliiton n1928

A

led by Muller
one of the longest lived coalitions
remained in office till march 1930
spring 1929 agree ons gov policies

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17
Q

what years are described as quiter and more prosperous

A

1924-8

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18
Q

what did the years 1924-28 allow for

A

provided pro democracy parties with an opportunity to establish democratic system

19
Q

why were parties unable to establish a democratic system

A

deputies in reichstag did not represet a constituency
deputies were chosen from a party list to collectively represent a large area
deputies not allowed to display any individuality but had to behave according to party line

20
Q

what was the reichstag seen as

A

a sterile voting chamber that is not representative of concerns of normal voters

21
Q

leading party member became minsters in coalition cabinet

A

party committees were not allowed any flexibility to operate their own initiative

21
Q

leadership also at fault factional rivalries in turn

A

weekend many parties

22
Q

party leaders were keen to

A

protect their own party interests than group represented than to wider national intrests

23
Q

the parliamentary system caused

A

dispute
supported for democratic republic suffered

24
Q

SPD KEY FACTS

A

1924-28 largest single party in reichstag
leading role in establishing weimar
support democratic gov
participate in 6 coalitions
marxist rhetoric =inflexible
close to trade unions
appeal to industrial workers

25
Q

CENTRE PARTY KEY FACTS

A

purpose ; defend roman catholic church , priority
supported by industrial workers and industrialist farmers and their landlords together with professional group like teachers
broad based appeal = flexible and pragmatic more than Spd
divisons on nsocialand economic issues
new leader 1928

26
Q

DDP KEY FACTS

A

liberal DDP in decline by 1920s
appeal to academic and professional group
impression of worthy intellectuals = limited political experience caused internal disputes
difficulty in conveying clearly and unequivoclally what they stood for
committed to success of parliamentary democracy
paricpated in all coalitions

27
Q

DVP KEY FACTS

A

conservative
committed to parliamentary democracy and also participated in all coalition cabinets
support amongst academics
main supports industrialist politicians ie Gustav stresseman
after his death 1929b party drifted towards the right and became a narrow pressure group supporting the interests of big business

28
Q

DNVP KEY FACTS

A

conservative nationalist
mid 1920s attracted support from industrialists professional groups and some industrial workers
anti democratic and nationalist with main aim to restore the monarchy and dismantle t of v
refused often to join coalitons
growing diversity led to more disputes over policy and tactics
new young member were willing to compimise
descion to join Luther cabinet 1926 and Marx cabinet 1927 = significant change in party tactics
significant loss of support encouraged right to return to anti democratic ways
hugenberg new leader 1928
DVNPb entered alliance with Nazis and paramilitary groups in campaign against young plan 1929
OPPOSE WEIMAR

29
Q

NSDAP KEY FACTS

A

munich putsch 1923= support declining
Hitler = mein kämpf in prison reassess nazi tactics win Support legally.
win support form army and other key elite groups
1927 = hitler no allowed not speak publicly used time to reorganise
end 1927 = 75k members 7 deputies in reichstag
1928 = broaden appeal capatlise on discontent of farmers focus effort on rural areas esp protestant north
1928 = reichstag election lost 100,000 votes
some rural ares 18% vote share
oct 1929 = party membership 150,000 and first town council
signs of revival

30
Q

KPD KEY FACTS

A

largest communist party outside Russia . no mass party support.
industrial areas ie Hamburg Saxony the ruhr and Berlin had significant presence in reichstag
policies and tactics were dictated by soviet union
1923 hyperinflation and invasion of the ruhr = instructed to launch a com revolution by moscow. suppressed by army.
opportunity for rev receded main priorty to attack Spd as had betrayed working class
kpd labeled Spd social facsists and focused on attacking them rather than reducing nazi influence
divisions = weekend ant nazi forces in weimar

31
Q

election of hidenberg 1925 process

A
  • election 50% + 1 or second ballot can alter candidates
    ROUND 1
    seven candidates
    Marx = centre
    jarres =right
    braun = Spd
    jarres most votes but no out right winner
    ROUND 2
    jarres withdrew and was replaced by hidenebrg
    consulted easier b4 standing
    braun withdrew to allow Spd Marx a better chance to win
    hidenberg won 48.3%
32
Q

hidenberg

A

a symbol of the past
authoritarian style and military uniform
authoritarian views reserved by the right
saw him as an ersatzkasier substutr emperor
his election = step away from p democracy
not true he took presidential oath retired national unity tuck to weimar didnt abuse powers used antidemocratic parties ie DNVP as a constructive tool

33
Q

politicians used party poltical advantage and placed it above

A

national intrest

34
Q

co operation between parties was only to secure a tactical advantage

A

1930s hidenberg impatient and used presidential powers to rule by decree on a regular basis

35
Q

cirucmanstances in which weimar formed were epredisposed

A

too large and important sections of Germany to oppose it

36
Q

old elite

A

hostile to parliamentary democracy

37
Q

republic was seen as

A

betrays ofbthe fatherland hostility was strengthened by t of v

38
Q

election of 1925 did what

A

reconciled elites to republic as believed hidenberg was a ersatzkaiser

39
Q

other end of the social spectrum industrial workers

A

weimar had not delivered on its promises of greater equality and social justice

40
Q

parliamentary democracy was shown to be failing

A

by crushing revolts by police and army

41
Q

middle class support for moderates

A

vital to develop stable foundations

42
Q

difficult to generalise middle

A

diverse

43
Q

some broadly support republic

A

mitlesend not so much

democracy and nazism (19 decks)

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