chapter nineteen

Question 1

Anschluss with Austria was banned under

Answer 1

treaty of versailles

Question 2

when was Anschluss achieved

Answer 2

march 1938

Question 3

Anschluss was a

Answer 3

’ bloodless victory ‘
was welcomed by Austrians

Question 4

by 9138 what was hitler growing confidence in

Answer 4

that germany was ready for war

Question 5

what was hitlers next target after austria

Answer 5

Czechoslovakia

Question 6

march 1939 achieved

Answer 6

success in occupation of Czechoslovakia

Question 7

august 1939 Nazi Germany and ussr signed the

Answer 7

nazi-soviet pact
ussr agreed to not oppose the invasion of Poland

Question 8

when was the invanison of Poland

Answer 8

1st September 1939

Question 9

what did the invasion of Poland lead to

Answer 9

war between germany and Britain and france two days later

Question 10

by late 1937 the four year plan was beginning to

Answer 10

improve the economic and military situation in gemrnay

Question 11

schacht - economic policy

Answer 11

Blomberg and Fritsch - military

Question 12

what happened to schacht and Blomberg and Fritsch

Answer 12

swept aside and the balance of power in the regime shifted towards more radical elements in the nazi party

Question 13

schacht had argued strongly against radical anti semitism in the economic field as

Answer 13

he did not want to alienate foreign economic investors

Question 14

Goring in charge of the four year plan did not care about foreign opinion and was determined to

Answer 14

removed Jews from business as soon as possible

Question 15

the occupation of Austria in march 1938 led to a rapid acceleration of the economic campaign against jews as the nazis in Austria were

Answer 15

allowed to act against jews with our constraint
- prompting goring to make more radical action in germnay itself

Question 16

in April 1938 the decree of registration of jewish property provided for the

Answer 16

consification of all jewish owned property worth more than 5000 marks

Question 17

this decree was the starting point for the

Answer 17

aryansiation of jewish property and business

Question 18

in April 1938 there were roughly 40,000 jewish owned business in germany , a year later only around

Answer 18

8000 had avoided being closed down or aryanised

Question 19

further legislation banned Jews from work as travelling salesmen , security guards , travel agents and estate agents
around x jewish travelling salesman lost their jobs

Answer 19

30,000

Question 20

from October 1938 the passports of German jews had to be

Answer 20

stamped with a large ‘ J’

Question 21

the increasing number of unemployed and poor jews depended completley on the

Answer 21

charities set up by the jewish community such as the central institution for jewish economic aid

Question 22

the drive to make jews easily identifiable and at the same time strip them of their individuality led to a new law in 1939 compelling

Answer 22

all jewish men to adopt the additional first name of ‘Israel’ all jewish women took the additional first name ‘Sarah’

Question 23

At this stage Hitler turned down the suggestion of making all jews wear a yellow star in public - this did not come into practice until

Answer 23

1941

Question 24

between 1933 and 1938 jews in germany were subjected to increasing

Answer 24

pressure of persecution through anti semetic legislation propaganda and the growing power of the police state

Question 25

for many jews they could still carry on a normal existence however this was changed on

Answer 25

Reichkristallnacht 9-10 November 1938

Question 26

in Reichkristallnacht Jewish homes and businesses were looted and vandalised , further more

Answer 26

synagogues were set on fire and thousands of jews week arrested beaten uo and killed

Question 27

the Reichkristallnacht program can be viewed as an

Answer 27

uncontrolled outpouring of anti semetic feeling amongst radical elements of the nazi party supported by German public opinion

Question 28

propganda portrayed Reichkristallnacht sd

Answer 28

" the national soul has boiled over "

Question 29

In the days after the program goring was given a co ordinating role of

Answer 29

' sorting otu '

Question 30

Reichkristallnaht was orchestrated by the Nazi leadership and the majority of those involved in the violence and vandalism were

Answer 30

SA and SS men who had been instructed not to wear uniforms

Question 31

Nazis seized the opportunity to act out based on the premise that

Answer 31

Ernst Vom Rath on 9th Nov was killed Rath was a minor German official in Paris who was killed by Grynzspan a young polish Jew angry at the regimes treatment of his parents

Question 32

the chief instigator of the program was Goebbels he gave institutions to nazi officials in the regions to organise the violence and vanaldism but was

Answer 32

careful to make it appear that it was not orchestrated by the nazi party

Question 33

the fifteenth anniversary of the 1923 Munich putsch was on the 9th November and Goebbes hoped to

Answer 33

please hitler by making the occasion with a spectacular event

Question 34

in the violence 91 jews were killed and thousands injured , there was

Answer 34

looting of cash , silver , jewellery and works of art damage to shops and businesses amounted to millions of marks much of the vandalism was destructive not for gain

Question 35

orders from the SS directed the police not to intervene against the demonstrators they were ordered instead to place

Answer 35

20,000-30,000 Jews in preventive detention

Question 36

the firebridgades watched and did nothing only concern was to stop fire from

Answer 36

spreading to other buildings

Question 37

the anti jewish violence of November 1938 was not received with universal approval in gemrnay , some ordinary citizens joined in

Answer 37

the violence looking alongside the SA thugs who were equipped with crowbars hammers axes and petrol bombs

Question 38

many germans were horrified by the destruction in Leipzig the American consul reported that

Answer 38

silent crowds of local people were 'benumbed and aghast' at the sight of the burned out synagogues and the looted shops the next morning in Hamburg a young mother witnessed similar crowds with murmours of " schlimm,schlimm" (terrible)

Question 39

a British official in berlin claimed

Answer 39

' he had not met a single German from any walk of life who does not dissaprove to some degree of what has occured'

Question 40

from the early days of the nazi movement hitler had spoke of making

Answer 40

Germany Judenfrei or jew free

Question 41

from the late 1938 until the autumn of 1941 emigration was seen as the

Answer 41

' solution to the jewish problem ' by the nazi leadership

Question 42

in 1933 , 37,00 Jews voluntarily left Germany including many

Answer 42

leading scientists and cultral figures such as Albert Einstein

Question 43

Einstein described the German people as having

Answer 43

" psychic illness of the masses "

Question 44

overall between march 1933 and November 1938 x amount of jews left germany voluntarily

Answer 44

150,000

Question 45

the situation was made more agonising as Jews debated leaving germany but also faced

Answer 45

the threat of confiscation of their assets

Question 46

the nazis were also willing to encourage zionists to emigrate to Palestine however

Answer 46

it was under British rule , majority of German jews were not zionsists and did not choose this option

Question 47

most German jews , particularly the older generation , felt thoroughly German and wanted to stay , many jews believed that

Answer 47

nazi persecution was just another example of a surge of anti semitism

Question 48

hitlers aim of making German jew feee was not striaghtforward as it was hard to find countries that were

Answer 48

willing to accept large numbers of jews even Palestine could only receive limited numbers of jews as many had begun to raise their limit on jewish immigration

Question 49

many jews after Reichkristalnact desperatley sought safe refuge from the obvious dangers they faced in germnay , jewish parents were particularly keen to get their children to safe countries ie

Answer 49

9000 jewish children were sent to Britain in 1938-9

Question 50

after Anschluss in 1938 Heydrich used Austria as a laboratory for developing SS policy , the central office for jewish emmigration was set up with the task if promoting

Answer 50

emmigration ' by every possible means '

Question 51

goring claims to have jurisdiction over jewish affairs were bypassed , the SD set about amalgamating all jewish organisations into a single

Answer 51

' reich association of the jews in germany '

Question 52

the reich association of jews in germany was modelled on methods used in

Answer 52

Austria by the SS emigration expert Eichmann in 1938 this system suited the nazis because organisational difficulties had to be dealt with by the jews themselves

Question 53

the situation changed with the outbreak of the war in sept 1939 , the German conquest of

Answer 53

western Poland provided the regime with new terrortories in which jews could be settled , also Brough many more jews under regimes control

Question 54

the emphasis moved away from forced emigration to deportations and the

Answer 54

'resettlement of jews'

Question 55

from sept 1939 nazi policies were shaped by war , anti semitism had become more blatant and extreme by 1938 but it was the war that

Answer 55

brought about the final radicalisation of race policies

Question 56

war provided the regime with

Answer 56

- a national emergency enabling dictatorial power and in greater secrecy - a propaganda machine to whip up patriotism and hatred of germanys enemies - a way for the germanisation of the occupied terrortoies in Poland and a jew free nazi empire

Question 57

the conquest of Poland carved the county up into three separate ares

Answer 57

eastern Poland occupied by ussr , in accordance with nazi-soviet pact august 1939 western parts of Poland incorporated into the German reich and in control of nazi vaulters area in between designated ' general government ; of Poland under a nazi governor Hans Frank

Question 58

the nazi master plan was to create

Answer 58

Lebensraum for ethnic germans by deriving poles and jews out of west Prussia and the Warthegau so that the ' empty lands' could be completely germanised

Question 59

however the conquest of Poland also increased the number of jews under nazi control , according to the census in Poland in 1931 there were

Answer 59

3,115,000 jews in Poland of whim 1,901,000 (61%) were in the territory occupied by germnay at the end of 1939

Question 60

polish jews were diffrent from assimilated jews in germnay they were in the main poor and more orthodox , in appearance they fitted the

Answer 60

nazi stereotype of racially inferior untermenschen

Question 61

the nazis intended to use the general government district as a dumping ground for poles and jews displaced from

Answer 61

areas that were to be colonised by ethnic Germans

Question 62

at the end of septebmeber hitler informed Rosenberg his minster for the eastern occupied terrorise that all jews including those from the reich were to be moved

Answer 62

to the area between the river Vistula and the river bug

Question 63

on the same day Hedrick reported that

Answer 63

" in the ares between Warsaw and Lublin " a reservation of a reich ghetto was established to contain the deported poles and jews

Question 64

the nazi deliberately intended conditions in such reservation to be so bad that

Answer 64

most of the people moved their would die

Question 65

in October 1939 the gestapo chief Muller instructed Eichmann to arrange the deportation of

Answer 65

70,000 - 80,000 Jews from the district of Katowice in Germanised Poland Eichmamn quickly expanded this to include Czech Jews from the Reich protectorate off Bohemia-Moravia

Question 66

Hitler further demanded the deportation of 300,000 Jews from Germnay and the removal of

Answer 66

all jews from Vienna

Question 67

The idea of removing Europes jews to the island of Madagascar was first proposed by

Answer 67

French anti semites in late 1930's

Question 67

between November 1939 and February 1940 the SS attempted to deport

Answer 67

one million people eastwards 550,000 were jews - transported to general government where they faced terrible conditions

Question 68

foreign ministrys department for internal German affairs proposed that the island of Madagascar should be taken away from france to become

Answer 68

a German mandate

Question 69

Vichy France would be responsible for resettling the French population there of approx 25,000 so as to make Madagascar avaiable for

Answer 69

a ' solution to the ' jewish question '

Question 70

the nazis planned to send 4 million Jews to Madagascar , in the first phase farmers construction workers and artisans up to the age of 45 would be send out

Answer 70

to get the island ready for the first mass influx of jews - the sale of jewish property would cover the first cost

Question 71

since 1936 SS experts at the Reich security head office led by Eichmann had been working on schemes for Mac emigration go jews to

Answer 71

palestine

Question 72

Huge practical problems about Palestine :

Answer 72

it was a small territory under British rule

Question 73

practalcities of Madagascar compared to Palestine :

Answer 73

larger territory far away no political problems

Question 74

in the late summer and early autumn of 1940 when the Madagascar plan seemed viable ; germanys failure to end the war with Britain either by military victory or peace meant that

Answer 74

the British Royal Navy would be able to disrupt the mass transportation of jews by sea to madagscar

Question 75

by October 1940 germnay was planning for operation Barbarossa thus

Answer 75

the Madagascar plan was shelved in favour of the plan to send Europes jews into Siberia ' East of Urals' once the conquest of the USSR was complete

Question 76

the Madagscar plan arguably shows the regimes plans to exterminate all jews was not yet apparent however

Answer 76

it also arguable the sending of jews to Madagascar was to inevitably kill them through bad conditions