chapter three

Question 1

how did Britain deal with war debt after ww1 in comparison to Germany

Answer 1

britian enforced higher taxes and government borrowing Germany instead increased borrowing and printed more money

Question 2

after war what happened to debt and the value of money

Answer 2

debt increased
value of money decreased

Question 3

how is reparations described

Answer 3

as a burden

Question 4

in 1919 how high was the debt facd by the Weimar Republic from the war

Answer 4

1.44 billion marks

Question 5

what two options did Germany have to deal with this , and what were the negatives

Answer 5

to rise taxes
alienate support for the new Weimar Republic
reduce government spending
extended welfare benefits = larger expenditure and reduced military spending

Question 6

although debt was high what had disappeared by 1921

Answer 6

unemployment

Question 7

as inflation went unchecked prices rose
give related statistics

Answer 7

1918-19 doubled
1919-20 quadrupled
14x higher than prices in 1913

Question 8

the government allowed inflation to go unchecked due to …

Answer 8

the 1920 coalition led by fehrenbach was dominated by the centre party and supported by powerful German industrialists
- they benefited by taking short term loans out for their business and repaying them at a later date hen inflation had worsened

Question 9

how can inflation be seen as beneficial to some and the downside

Answer 9

1921 unemployment in Germany wa 1.8% compared to nearly 17% in gb
encouraged america to invest

as it went unchecked for so long it spiralled out of control

Question 10

after t of v included the requirement of reparations how much did the reparations commitee set them at

Answer 10

132 billion gold marks
or 6.6 billion in annual instalments

Question 11

when were the reparations presented too Germany

Answer 11

1921

Question 12

what did the reparations come with

Answer 12

an ultimatum to accept within 6 days

Question 13

what did this cause in Germany

Answer 13

a political crisis

Question 14

how did fehrenbach and his cabinet react

Answer 14

resigned due to believing reparations were too high in protest

Question 15

who replaced fehrenbach

Answer 15

Joseph wirth

Question 16

what did Jospeh Wirth do

Answer 16

signed the treaty of Versailles and followed a policy of fulfilment

Question 17

in January 1922 what did Germany request

Answer 17

that the January and February payments were postponed

Question 18

in July 1922 what did Germany request

Answer 18

further postponement of repayments for the rest of the year

Question 19

in November 1922 what did Germany request

Answer 19

a loan of 500 million gold marks and release of obligations for 3-4 years

Question 20

how did the French react to the novemeber 1922 requests

Answer 20

suspicious and saw it as an excuse , setting for the 1923 clash between France and Germany

Question 21

how did reparations strain the economy further

Answer 21

huge debt already made paying reps hard
germanys gold reserve were inadequate for the amount needed for reps
other reps to be paid in coal but lost large amount of coal reserves in t of v

considered paying in manufactured goods but allies deemed this as a risk to their business

Question 22

how did the allies help worsen the German economy

Answer 22

allies hampered germanys export trade by confiscating merchant fleets and imposing high tariffs on improved goods

led to Germany printing more money

Question 23

what did John Maynard Keynes say about reparations

Answer 23

critical of 6.6 billion requested and believed 2 billion was germanys maximum figure to be able to pay

Question 24

on the contary what did peukert say in 1991 about the reparations

Answer 24

it was manageable for Germany as it only amounted to 2% of its gross national produce and the effects of reparations had been exaggerated and allowed foreign policy to spiral as it supported foreign policy affairs

Question 25

when was the invasion of the Ruhr

Answer 25

January 1923

Question 26

who invaded the Ruhr

Answer 26

French and Belgian troops

Question 27

how many French and Belgian troops were sent into the ruhr originally

Answer 27

60,000

Question 28

how many did it rise too

Answer 28

100,000

Question 29

what was the aim of the invasion

Answer 29

to seize coal steel and manufactured goods as reparations

Question 30

what policy was introduced

Answer 30

passive resistance no co operation with the French

Question 31

who introduced passive resistance

Answer 31

chancellor Wilhelm cuno

Question 32

why could Germany not send troops into the ruhr

Answer 32

as it was apart of the Rhineland that was demilitarised in the t of v

Question 33

what did the government do under the passive resistance approach

Answer 33

German workers were still paid and paramilitary , civilians organised into military form , infiltrated the French

Question 34

what did the paramilitary do in the ruhr to disrupt the French

Answer 34

blew up railways sank barges destroyed bridges

Question 35

what did the French do in response to the paramilitary

Answer 35

military courts punished mine owners miners and civil servants not complying with them 150,000 germans expelled from the area 132 germans shot including a 7 year old boy

Question 36

what happened to the production rate in the ruhr while it was in control of the French

Answer 36

may 1923 deliveries only a third of the average in 1922 1/5 pre occupation at the ruhr

Question 37

economic effects of occupation

Answer 37

passive resistance increased expenditure tax revenue lost from those whose businesses closed and workers became unemployed germany had to import coal and pay for it from limited foreign currency reserves shortage of goods made price higher

Question 38

hyperinflation crisis

Answer 38

caused food riots the crowds looted shops gang of city dwellers travelled to countryside to take food from farms greeted by angry farmers large increase in convictions of theft barted possesions for vital basics

Question 39

why were social welfare policies bought in

Answer 39

those were involved in the November revolution in 1918 (kaiser abdication) were motivated for a better life large numbers of people needed support as a result of death or injury during the war

Question 40

what was one of the key rights set out in the constitution

Answer 40

every German citizen should have the right to work or welfare

Question 41

working day made a maximum of 8 hours social welfare

Answer 41

1919

Question 42

state health insurance system introduced by Bismarck but limited to workers in employment was extended to include wives daughters and the disabled

Answer 42

1919

Question 43

aid for war veterans incapable of working because of injury became the responsibility of the national gov aid for war widows and oprhans also increased

Answer 43

1919

Question 44

national youth welfare act required all local authorities to set up youth offices with responsibility foe child protection and decreed all children had the right to an education

Answer 44

1922

Question 45

how did social welfare effect government

Answer 45

printing of money largely to pay out for these social welfare benefits increasing gov expenditure

Question 46

social impact of hyperinflation winners

Answer 46

- black marketeers that bought up foodstock and sold them at inflated prices - those who had debts or mortgages and loans could pay off easily - farmers , food was in high demand - owners of foreign exchange

Question 47

social impact of hyperinflation losers

Answer 47

- pensioners living on state pensions - landlords reliant on fixed rents - the mittlesand - the sick rise in food prices malnutrition , death rates in large cities increased - diseases associated with dietary deficiency such as rickets and tuberculosis increased