chapter four Flashcards
due to the fragmentation of political parties and the electoral system of proportional representation
no one was able to form government with an outright majority
led to coalition government
large and small parties alike were dedicated to what
overthrowing eberts gov
who did this place a burden of responsibility on to form stable coalitions
centre parties such as the SPD
why were stable coalitions needed
at the time political economical and social crisis
what happened to society political views
ebbed away from the centre and turned to more extremist parties on the left or the right
how many coalition governments were there 1919-23
10
what side of the political spectrum did the spartacist uprising come from
the left
sparticist uprising
5 January 1919
the group led by Karl liebknecht and rosa Luxembourg staged an uprising in Berlin to overthrow Ebert and convert to a communist regime
news papers and some public buildings occupied
why did the spartacist uprising fail
did not have the support of majority of the working class in Berlin
how did Ebert react to the spartacist uprising
exerts gov relied on the army to put the revolt down
groener had few reliable military units in his command had to use irregular forces of the freikorps
spartacist uprising
13 January 1919
spartacist uprising had been crushed after brutal street fighting many prisoners including liebknecht and Luxemburg who were executed
why were the right hostile towards the weimar republic in the first place
saw the politicians to be betrayed the fatherland by signing t of v
what were the right split about
some wanted to restore the monarchy some wanted a dictatorship
Bavaria some wanted unity with Germany some wanted separation
what side of the political spectrum was the 1920 kapp putsch on
the right
kapp putsch
February 1920
the defence minster Gustav noske ordered two freikorps units compromising 12,000 men to disband , which were stationed 12 miles away from Berlin.
general Walther von luttwitz refused to disband one of them which led to the government arresting him
kapp putsch
February 1920
luttwitz
lutwittz decided after his arrest to march his troops to Berlin in protest and other sympathetic officers offered their support
lutwittz also supported by the right wing civil servants and politician wolf gang kapp who was intent on organising a putsch
who was Wolfgang kapp
a civil servant who was attracted to right wing politics and co founded the fatherland party in 1917, a monarchists and was elected in the reichstga for the dnvp
what were the vaterlandische verande
right wing group
patriotic leagues formed out of old freikorps units acted as fiercely anti republican paramilitaries and were supported by members of the regular German army
Hugo hasse
a uspd member who was shot inferno of the reichstag October 1919 and died of his wounds a month after
Matthias erzberger
august 1921 was assainated in the Black Forest by two members of the terrorist group organisation consul
had already been shot in January as he had led the German delegation for signing the armistice and had signed the t of v .
als germanys representative on the reparations committee
after his death his widow recieveed abuse and threats to defile his grave
Walther rathenau
24 June 1922 driving to work in an open top car when four assassins from organisation consul shot at him and threw a hand grenade at him
he was a jew and a leading minster in the republican government who had signed the armistice and negotiated with allies to improve t of v
was popular next day 700,000 protestors lined streets of Berlin
between 1919-23 how many political assassinations were there
376
22 left
354 right
what law did the reichstag pass to allow for the protection of the republic
that it could now impose penalties on those involved in conspiracy to murrder and banned extremist organisations
organisation consul forced to disband
was the law effective
no the judges were meant to enforce it were often right wing sympathisers
how long were rathenaus killers sentence to on average each
4 years
how many right wing murders were punished compared to how many were sentenced to serve punishment
326 punished
1 severe punishment
until 1923 how many left wing murderes were sentence to death
10.
what did republivsn nationalists know think
that they could get away with murder
exxageratte threats from the left
underestimate threat from right
what were the Nazi Party alone in arguing
that German patriots should focus on removing novemeber criminals from government before dealing with the French
gustav sstreseman called of passive resistance why was this seen as a betrayl
as he had not gained any concessions from the French
right wing nationalists in Bavaria were growing agitated for what
a march on Berlin to ovethrow the gov and reinstalled a dictatorship
was the Munich putsch a threat from the right to the left
right
Munich putsch
november 1923
hitler made a bid to seizer power
needed support to be successful
Ludendorff supported
wanted Gustav von Kahr and Otto von Lossow to support
Munich putsch
8 November 1923
hitler burst into beer hall while the two were holding a meeting of 2000
surrounded it with stormtroopers
announced a revolution had begun
gun point Kahr and losow persuaded to agree to march
and instal Ludendorff as
commander chief
stormtroopers unable to gain control of Munich army barracks
supported edvaporaetd overnight
Munich Putsch
9th November 1923
march went ahead
hitler fell and dislocated his shoulder possibly due to his companigon being shot whom he linked arms with
fled to be captured the next day
Ludendorff went to police to allow himself to be arrested
Munich putsch
aftermath
general steckt sent troops in to deal with aftermath
central control in Bavaria reimposed
Nazi Party = banned
hitler = imprisoned
served 9 months
REPUBLIC SURVIVED
