chapter twelve

Question 1

after hitler was appointed on 30 January 1933 hitler held his first cabinet meeting

Answer 1

in which the nazis hold 3 posts out of a total 12 minsters reinforcing papens view that no fundamental. political change would occur incl the nazis

Question 2

papen holding the position of vice chancellor and also the minster president of Prussia won the right ..

Answer 2

to be present any time hitler met with hindenburg

Question 3

papen believed hitler would not be able to dominate his own cabinet

Answer 3

hitler was determined to establish a nazi dictatorship asap

Question 4

1 feb 1933

Answer 4

hitler dissolved the reichstag and called new elections

Question 5

27 feb 1933

Answer 5

reichstag building was set on fire

Question 6

28 feb 1933

Answer 6

decree for protection of the people and the state

Question 7

5 march 1933

Answer 7

reichstag elections
nazis won 288 seats 49.3% of the vote
still short of a majority

Question 8

6-7 march 1933

Answer 8

nazis began taking over state government

Question 9

8 march 1933

Answer 9

first permanent concentration camp was established

Question 10

13 march 1933

Answer 10

ministry for public enlightenment and propaganda was established

Question 11

24 march 1933

Answer 11

enabling act passed

Question 12

later in the evening 30 jan 1933 hitler stood on the balcony of the reich ..

Answer 12

to watch a torchlight procession of 100,000 nazi members , organised by hitlers propaganda chief Joseph goebbels

Question 13

what was the demonstration designed to show

Answer 13

hitlers appointment as chancellor wasn’t going to be a normal change of gov .
a demonstration of triumph and victory of the nazi movement
start of their ‘ national revolution ‘

Question 14

a prominent factor in hitlers rise to power was

Answer 14

the violence of nazi stormtroopers SA

Question 15

once in power hitler used state resources to consolidate his power and rapidly expanded the SA

Question 16

nazis had a membership of around 500,000 in 1933 jan a year later

Answer 16

it had surpassed 3 million

Question 17

in late feb 1933 the SA and the stahlhelm were merged and became recognised as

Answer 17

auxiliary police
orders were issues to regular police forces forbidding them from interfering with SA activities

Question 18

the nazi ‘ legal revolution ‘ and the ‘ revolution from below ‘ in which the SA unleashed a reign of terror against socialist and communist opponents …

Answer 18

were opposite sides of the same coin

Question 19

using their new powers the SA unleashes a sustained assaults…

Answer 19

on trade union and KPD offices as well as the homes of left wing politicians
gangs of storm troopers broke up SPD and KPD meetings

Question 20

5 feb 1933

Answer 20

a young nazi shot dead the SPD mayor of a small town in Prussia

Question 21

later feb 1933

Answer 21

a communist was killed in clashes with the SA

Question 22

these incidents in feb 1933 ..

Answer 22

were ignored by the police but when the SPD newspaper condemned the killings , the paper was banned

Question 23

the centre party also became a target after its newspapers criticised the nazi regime

Answer 23

centre party newspapers were banned and stormtroopers attacked the party meetings

Question 24

thousands of communists , socialists and trade unionists were rounded up and imprisoned in

Answer 24

make shift old factories or army barracks

Question 25

the first permant concentration camp was set top on 8 march 1933 with

Answer 25

accommodation for 5000
located at dachau near Munich

Question 26

by July 1933

Answer 26

26,789 political prisoners had been arrested by the SA
or taken into protective custody
and imprisoned into some 70 camps

Question 27

hitler convinced hindenburg to dissolve the reichstag with the belief the nazis could win an outright majority during the election campaign..

Answer 27

their was a significant intensification of nazi terror against their opponents

Question 28

by the time of the election 5 march the SPD and the KPD had virtually gone underground due to

Answer 28

the atmosphere of terror and intimidation generated by Nazis

Question 29

a key moment in the campaign was the

Answer 29

burning down on the reichstag 27 feb 1933

Question 30

the reichstag fire …

Answer 30

a young dutch communist marinus van Der lubbe was arrested and charged with causing the fire
there have been suspicions ever since that the nazis deliberately set up the communist , in order to justify introducing repressive measures
- no definitive evidence of this

Question 31

the nazi regime gained then most from the fire as they claimed it was

Answer 31

a communist plot to start a revolution in Germany and the event was used to justify the immediate suspension of civil liberties
- terror had no become a legal means to crush opposition

Question 32

hitler was appointed as chancellor in a legal way that corresponded to the rulings of weimar however after the reichstag fire …

Answer 32

hitler was able to convince hindenburg to sign a decree giving him ‘ emergency ‘ powers

Question 33

these emergency powers was the decree for the protection of the people and the state which

Answer 33

suspend civil and political rights that had been guaranteed under the weimar constitution
thus the police were given increased powers to arrest and detain without charge those deemed to be a threat to state security
also gained increased powers to enter and search private premises
while the gov had then power to censor publications

Question 34

in practice these powers were used to

Answer 34

arrest communists
and socialists
ban their newspapers
disrupt their organisations

Question 35

the decree also gave the central government the power to take over state governments if

Answer 35

they refused to act against the nazis political opponents

Question 36

the decree was designed primarily to legalise a full scale assault on the communists backed by

Answer 36

a propaganda campaign in which the nazis claimed that Germany was on the brink of a ‘ bolshevik revolution’
the SA launched a large campaign of violence across Germany

Question 37

the police arrested 10,000 communists in two weeks including most of the leaders

Answer 37

although the KPD wasn’t banned yet and still put up candidates in the march election
party membership was considered treason and many communists were given long sentences

Question 38

civil servants judges and the police who were overwhelmingly conservative and nationalist in their political sympathies

Answer 38

were only too willing to give legal sanction to the nazis campaign of terror

Question 39

the march 1933 was difficult for opposition

Answer 39

as it was conducted on the backdrop of nazi terror making it impossible for the left to orgnanise election meetings and their posters were removed as put up
anyone distributing leaflets for the SPD/KPD was liable to be arrested

Question 40

meanwhile the nazi propaganda was heavy the country was flooded with posters leaflets radio broadcasts election rallies and parades despite this

Answer 40

and the fact their opponents were practically banned from campaigning they did not get the success they wanted

Question 41

MARCH 1933
KPD

Answer 41

12.3%

Question 42

MARCH 1933
SPD

Answer 42

18.25%

Question 43

MARCH 1933
CENTRE

Answer 43

11.25%

Question 44

MARCH 1933
DVP

Answer 44

1.1%

Question 45

MARCH 1933
NSDAP

Answer 45

43.9%

Question 46

MARCH 1933
DNVP

Answer 46

8%

Question 47

the nazi vote

Answer 47

had increased from the prev election in November but not as mochas hitler had expected

Question 48

the Spd and kpd vote

Answer 48

despite the violence and the terror then Spd and kpd held up well

Question 49

significant point

Answer 49

64% of voters had voted for non nazi parties

Question 50

nazis with the support of DNVP allies had a

Answer 50

REICHSTAG MAJORTY

Question 51

the first meeting of the new reichstag was held

Answer 51

in Kroll opera house on 23 march

Question 52

hitlers sole aim was too secure the necessary two thirds majority for his enabling act that would allow

Answer 52

him to make laws without the approval of the reichstag and without reference to the president for a period of 4 years

Question 53

the enabling act was passed on the

Answer 53

24 march 1933

Question 54

further to the enabling act hitler was also given the power too

Answer 54

make treaties with foreign states without the Reichstags approval

Question 55

as it was a change to the constiutuion it needed two thirds majority in the reichstag

Answer 55

communist deputies unable to take their seats
DNVP willing to support the nazis
- need to gain support of the centre party too pass
hitler assured the centre party by saying that he would not use these powers without consulting Hindenburg first
HITLER WON THE SUPPORT

Question 56

only the SPD deputies voted against the bill and the enabling act became law this meant for hitler

Answer 56

he had full executive and legislative powers
hitler could rule without needing a reichstag majority and after 1933 the reichstag rarely met

Question 57

the enabling act was the final piece in the legal framework that legitimised the nazi dictatorship

Answer 57

hitler was able to issue decrees without needing Hindenburgs approval
- although it was presented as a temporary fix for 4 years in practice it was a permeant fixture of the nazi regime

Question 58

with the new law in force the nazis could now begin to construct the one party terror state that hitler wanted