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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter One Definitions > Flashcards

Chapter One Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body

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2
Q

Define Systemic Anatomy

A

study of the body by systems and is the approach taken in most introductory textbooks

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3
Q

Define Regional Anatomy

A

Study of the organization of the body by areas

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4
Q

Physiology

A

scientific discipline that deals with the process or function of living organisms

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5
Q

Human Physiology

A

study of a specific organism, the human, where cellular physiology and systematic physiology are concerning specific levels of the human body

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6
Q

What is the chemical level of organization?

A

Involves the interaction between atoms

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7
Q

What is the cellular level of organization?

A

Cells and organelles

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8
Q

What is the tissue level of organization?

A

The four main tissue types of the body-

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

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9
Q

What is an organ?

A

Two or more tissue types that perform one common function

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10
Q

What is an organ system?

A

Composed or different organs with common functions

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11
Q

What is an organism?

A

Any living thing considered as a whole

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12
Q

What is metabolism?

A

All the chemical and physical changes taking place in an organism

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13
Q

What is responsiveness?

A

Ability of an organism to sense changes in it’s external or internal environment and make the adjustments that help maintain life

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14
Q

What is development?

A

Changes an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death

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15
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body

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16
Q

What is a set point in regards to homeostasis?

A

Ideal normal value-for example body temp in humans would be a set point

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17
Q

What is homeostasis in most systems of the body regulated by?

A

Negative-feedback mechanisms

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18
Q

What are the 3 components of a negative feedback mechanism

What does each do?

A

Receptor-monitors the value of the variable
Control Center-receives info about the variable, establishes set point, controls effector
Effector-Produces responses that change the value of th variable

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19
Q

Are positive-feedback mechanisms homeostatic and are rarely found in what type of individual?

A

Not homeostatic and rarely found in healthy indivuals

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20
Q

What is the correct anatomical position?

A

A person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides and the palms of the head forward

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21
Q

When is a person supine?

A

When lying facing upward

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22
Q

When is a person prone?

A

when lying face downward

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23
Q

Define superior

A

A structure above another

the chin is superior to the naval

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24
Q

Define Inferior

A

A structure below another

The naval is inferior to the chin

25
Q

Define Cephalic

A

Closer to the head than another structure
synonymous with superior

the chin is cephalic to the navel

26
Q

Define Caudal

A

Closer to the tail than another structure
synonymous with inferior

the navel is caudal to the chin

27
Q

Define Anterior

A

The front of the body

the navel is anterior to the vertebral column

28
Q

Define Posterior

A

The back of the body

The spine is posterior to the sternum

29
Q

Define Ventral

A

Towards the belly
synonymous with anterior

The navel is ventral to the spine

30
Q

Define Dorsal

A

Toward the back
synonymous with posterior

The spine is dorsal to the sternum.

31
Q

Define Proximal

A

Closer to the point of attachment to the body than another structure

The brachial is proximal to the antebrachial

32
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure.

The ante brachial is distal to the brachial.

33
Q

Define lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

The nipple is lateral to the sternum.

34
Q

Define Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

The bridge of the nose is medial to the eye.

35
Q

The central region of the body consists of?

A

the head, neck, and trunk

36
Q

The trunk can be divided into?

A

the thorax, the abdomen, and the pelvis

37
Q

The abdomen is divided into ___ quadrants.

A

4

38
Q

In addition to the quadrants, the abdomen is sometimes subdivided into nine ______________.

A

Regions

39
Q

What are the 9 regions that the abdomen is divided into?

A

epigastric,right and left hypochondriac, umbilical, right and left lumbar, right and left iliac

40
Q

Define a sagittal plane

A

runs vertically through the body and separates into right and left parts

41
Q

Define a median plane

A

a sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides it into equal halves

42
Q

Define a transverse plane

A

Horizontal plane that runs parallel to the ground and divides body into superior and inferior parts

43
Q

Define frontal/coronal plane

A

Runs vertically from left to right and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

44
Q

What is a longitudinal section?

A

A cut through the long axis of an organ

-can also be referred to as cross section or transverse section

45
Q

What is an oblique section?

A

A cut made across the long axis at other than a right angle

46
Q

What surrounds the thoracic cavity and what separates it from the abdominal cavity?

A

The ribcage surrounds the thoracic cavity and the diaphram separates it from the abdominal cavity

47
Q

What divides the thoracic cavity into right and left parts?

A

the mediastinum

48
Q

What encloses the abdominal cavity?

A

Abdominal muscles

49
Q

What encases the pelvic cavity?

A

Pelvic bones

50
Q

What do serious membranes cover?

A

The organs of the trunk cavities and line the trunk cavities

51
Q

What part does the visceral serious membrane cover?

A

The visceral membrane covers the actual organ

52
Q

What part does the parietal serious membrane cover?

A

The outer section of the cavity

53
Q

What is serious fluid?

A

A thin, lubricating film which allows the organs to rub against each other without creating friction

54
Q

The thoracic cavity has ___ serious membrane lined cavities

A

3

55
Q

What are the 3 serious membrane lined cavities in the the thoracic cavity?
What do they cover?

A

1 Pericardial cavity which surrounds the heart

2 pleural cavities which surrounds each lung

56
Q

What is the serous membrane that is located in the abdominal cavity?

A

peritoneal cavity

57
Q

What do mesenteries do?

What are they made of?

A

Mesenteries anchor organs to the body wall

They are made of two layers of peritoneum

58
Q

Organs that are closely attached to the body wall and don’t have mesenteries have what?

A

Parietal peritoneum, which is said to be retroperitoneal* (means behind + peritoneum)

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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