Chapter One Definitions Flashcards
Define Anatomy
scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body
Define Systemic Anatomy
study of the body by systems and is the approach taken in most introductory textbooks
Define Regional Anatomy
Study of the organization of the body by areas
Physiology
scientific discipline that deals with the process or function of living organisms
Human Physiology
study of a specific organism, the human, where cellular physiology and systematic physiology are concerning specific levels of the human body
What is the chemical level of organization?
Involves the interaction between atoms
What is the cellular level of organization?
Cells and organelles
What is the tissue level of organization?
The four main tissue types of the body-
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
What is an organ?
Two or more tissue types that perform one common function
What is an organ system?
Composed or different organs with common functions
What is an organism?
Any living thing considered as a whole
What is metabolism?
All the chemical and physical changes taking place in an organism
What is responsiveness?
Ability of an organism to sense changes in it’s external or internal environment and make the adjustments that help maintain life
What is development?
Changes an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death
What is homeostasis?
Existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body
What is a set point in regards to homeostasis?
Ideal normal value-for example body temp in humans would be a set point
What is homeostasis in most systems of the body regulated by?
Negative-feedback mechanisms
What are the 3 components of a negative feedback mechanism
What does each do?
Receptor-monitors the value of the variable
Control Center-receives info about the variable, establishes set point, controls effector
Effector-Produces responses that change the value of th variable
Are positive-feedback mechanisms homeostatic and are rarely found in what type of individual?
Not homeostatic and rarely found in healthy indivuals
What is the correct anatomical position?
A person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides and the palms of the head forward
When is a person supine?
When lying facing upward
When is a person prone?
when lying face downward
Define superior
A structure above another
the chin is superior to the naval