Chapter One Definitions

Question 1

Define Anatomy

Answer 1

scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body

Question 2

Define Systemic Anatomy

Answer 2

study of the body by systems and is the approach taken in most introductory textbooks

Question 3

Define Regional Anatomy

Answer 3

Study of the organization of the body by areas

Question 4

Physiology

Answer 4

scientific discipline that deals with the process or function of living organisms

Question 5

Human Physiology

Answer 5

study of a specific organism, the human, where cellular physiology and systematic physiology are concerning specific levels of the human body

Question 6

What is the chemical level of organization?

Answer 6

Involves the interaction between atoms

Question 7

What is the cellular level of organization?

Answer 7

Cells and organelles

Question 8

What is the tissue level of organization?

Answer 8

The four main tissue types of the body-

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Question 9

What is an organ?

Answer 9

Two or more tissue types that perform one common function

Question 10

What is an organ system?

Answer 10

Composed or different organs with common functions

Question 11

What is an organism?

Answer 11

Any living thing considered as a whole

Question 12

What is metabolism?

Answer 12

All the chemical and physical changes taking place in an organism

Question 13

What is responsiveness?

Answer 13

Ability of an organism to sense changes in it’s external or internal environment and make the adjustments that help maintain life

Question 14

What is development?

Answer 14

Changes an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death

Question 15

What is homeostasis?

Answer 15

Existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body

Question 16

What is a set point in regards to homeostasis?

Answer 16

Ideal normal value-for example body temp in humans would be a set point

Question 17

What is homeostasis in most systems of the body regulated by?

Answer 17

Negative-feedback mechanisms

Question 18

What are the 3 components of a negative feedback mechanism

What does each do?

Answer 18

Receptor-monitors the value of the variable
Control Center-receives info about the variable, establishes set point, controls effector
Effector-Produces responses that change the value of th variable

Question 19

Are positive-feedback mechanisms homeostatic and are rarely found in what type of individual?

Answer 19

Not homeostatic and rarely found in healthy indivuals

Question 20

What is the correct anatomical position?

Answer 20

A person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides and the palms of the head forward

Question 21

When is a person supine?

Answer 21

When lying facing upward

Question 22

When is a person prone?

Answer 22

when lying face downward

Question 23

Define superior

Answer 23

A structure above another

the chin is superior to the naval

Question 24

Define Inferior

Answer 24

A structure below another

The naval is inferior to the chin

Question 25

Define Cephalic

Answer 25

Closer to the head than another structure synonymous with superior the chin is cephalic to the navel

Question 26

Define Caudal

Answer 26

Closer to the tail than another structure synonymous with inferior the navel is caudal to the chin

Question 27

Define Anterior

Answer 27

The front of the body the navel is anterior to the vertebral column

Question 28

Define Posterior

Answer 28

The back of the body The spine is posterior to the sternum

Question 29

Define Ventral

Answer 29

Towards the belly synonymous with anterior The navel is ventral to the spine

Question 30

Define Dorsal

Answer 30

Toward the back synonymous with posterior The spine is dorsal to the sternum.

Question 31

Define Proximal

Answer 31

Closer to the point of attachment to the body than another structure The brachial is proximal to the antebrachial

Question 32

Distal

Answer 32

Farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure. The ante brachial is distal to the brachial.

Question 33

Define lateral

Answer 33

Away from the midline of the body The nipple is lateral to the sternum.

Question 34

Define Medial

Answer 34

Toward the midline of the body The bridge of the nose is medial to the eye.

Question 35

The central region of the body consists of?

Answer 35

the head, neck, and trunk

Question 36

The trunk can be divided into?

Answer 36

the thorax, the abdomen, and the pelvis

Question 37

The abdomen is divided into ___ quadrants.

Answer 37

4

Question 38

In addition to the quadrants, the abdomen is sometimes subdivided into nine ______________.

Answer 38

Regions

Question 39

What are the 9 regions that the abdomen is divided into?

Answer 39

epigastric,right and left hypochondriac, umbilical, right and left lumbar, right and left iliac

Question 40

Define a sagittal plane

Answer 40

runs vertically through the body and separates into right and left parts

Question 41

Define a median plane

Answer 41

a sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides it into equal halves

Question 42

Define a transverse plane

Answer 42

Horizontal plane that runs parallel to the ground and divides body into superior and inferior parts

Question 43

Define frontal/coronal plane

Answer 43

Runs vertically from left to right and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 44

What is a longitudinal section?

Answer 44

A cut through the long axis of an organ | -can also be referred to as cross section or transverse section

Question 45

What is an oblique section?

Answer 45

A cut made across the long axis at other than a right angle

Question 46

What surrounds the thoracic cavity and what separates it from the abdominal cavity?

Answer 46

The ribcage surrounds the thoracic cavity and the diaphram separates it from the abdominal cavity

Question 47

What divides the thoracic cavity into right and left parts?

Answer 47

the mediastinum

Question 48

What encloses the abdominal cavity?

Answer 48

Abdominal muscles

Question 49

What encases the pelvic cavity?

Answer 49

Pelvic bones

Question 50

What do serious membranes cover?

Answer 50

The organs of the trunk cavities and line the trunk cavities

Question 51

What part does the visceral serious membrane cover?

Answer 51

The visceral membrane covers the actual organ

Question 52

What part does the parietal serious membrane cover?

Answer 52

The outer section of the cavity

Question 53

What is serious fluid?

Answer 53

A thin, lubricating film which allows the organs to rub against each other without creating friction

Question 54

The thoracic cavity has ___ serious membrane lined cavities

Answer 54

3

Question 55

What are the 3 serious membrane lined cavities in the the thoracic cavity? What do they cover?

Answer 55

1 Pericardial cavity which surrounds the heart | 2 pleural cavities which surrounds each lung

Question 56

What is the serous membrane that is located in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 56

peritoneal cavity

Question 57

What do mesenteries do? | What are they made of?

Answer 57

Mesenteries anchor organs to the body wall | They are made of two layers of peritoneum

Question 58

Organs that are closely attached to the body wall and don't have mesenteries have what?

Answer 58

Parietal peritoneum, which is said to be retroperitoneal* (means behind + peritoneum)