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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

2 systems for maintaining homeostasis

A

Endocrine and Nervous System

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2
Q

Communication->____________->homeostasis->good health

A

regulation

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3
Q

Put these in the right order-

Organ system, cell, organelle, organism, organ, chemical

A

Chemicals->organelle->cell->organ->organ system->organism

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4
Q

What is an Atom?

A

the smallest partical of an element that can display the characteristics of that element and enter into an ordinary chemical reaction

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5
Q

What is an ion?

A

When an atom looses or accepts one or more electrons

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6
Q

what is the difference between a cat ion and anion?

A

if the ion is positively charged it is a cat ion

if the ion is negatively charged it is a an ion

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7
Q

What is the Atomic Weight?

A

Average mass number of all isotopes of an element

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8
Q

What is Atomic mass number?

A

of protons and neutrons

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9
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Different # of neutrons in a different atoms of the same element

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10
Q

Which two elements can have a maximum of 2 electrons in their valence shells?

A

hydrogen and helium

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11
Q

How does a cat ion become a cation?

How does an anion become an anion?

A

By giving away an electron-cation and by having a positive charge
By accepting an electron-anion and by having a negative charge

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12
Q

What do ionic bonds from?

A

New substances

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13
Q

Are ionic bonds strong?

A

No

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14
Q

what does valent refer to in covalent bond?

A

the valence shell

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15
Q

In a covalent bond, electrons are?

A

Shared

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16
Q

What is a non polar covalent bond?

A

The electrons are shared equally in the bond

example-Hydrogen or any time there are atoms of the same element form a covalent bond it will always be a non polar bond

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17
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

Electrons are shared unequally between the two atoms

example-H20

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18
Q

Do hydrogen bonds form new substances?

A

no

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19
Q

How strong are hydrogen bonds?

A

Very weak, but strength in numbers

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20
Q

What does a straight line represent?

A

a covalent bond

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21
Q

What does a dotted line represent?

A

a hydrogen bond

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22
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

A bond between hydrogen and either oxygen or nitrogen

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23
Q

Where do hydrogen bonds form?

A

They form on the hydrogen end

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24
Q

What are the functions of hydrogen bonds?

A

Hold molecules together, dictate shape or hold DNA together

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25
What are molecules?
When two atoms join to form structures held together by covalent bonds
26
Changing the shape of a molecule does what?
It changes it's function
27
If you had an atom with 11 protons and 12 neutrons, is that more likely to become a cation or an anion?
It would more than likely become a cation | *****
28
Chemical actions that build bonds do what?
store energy
29
Chemical reactions that break bonds do what?
release energy
30
If energy that is stored was all released at once within a cell?
It would produce to much heat and the cell would be destroyed
31
What is the energy currency molecule in the cell?
ATP
32
Energy within a cell needs to be released in _______ quanties?
small
33
What is the most readily available energy source for cells?
glucose
34
Glucose->CO2->ADP+Energy+phosphate=
ATP
35
~means?
high energy bond
36
When phosphate is added it is called?
Phosphorylation
37
When ATP releases phosphate and energy it is called?
Hydrolosis
38
ADP + (P+E)=
ATP
39
ATP - (P+E)=
ADP
40
A + B + C---------->ABC | Name the reactants
A, B, C
41
When you see the arrows going two ways in a chemical equation it means?
The reaction is reversable
42
the SUM of all the chemical reactions in the body is?
Metabolism
43
Anabolism?
Small substances form larger substances
44
What is Catabolism?
When larger substances break down into smaller substances
45
Endergoinic reaction _________ energy.
stores
46
Exergonic reactions __________ energy.
releases
47
An anabolic reactions ________ energy.
Stores (Endergonic)
48
A Catabolic reaction _________ energy.
Releases (Exergonic)
49
C6H1206+C6H1206--->C12H22011+H20 | Is this anabolic or catabolic?
anabolic and endergonic | ****
50
What are the factors the influence the rate of chemical reactions?
Reactants ability to react Concentration of the reactants Temperature Catalysts
51
What determines molecular reactions?
Random molecular movement
52
Why is water so important to life?
Helps stabilize body temperature Water is liquid at our body temp to b/c of its ability to hold heat so well due to hydrogen body Protection Due to hyrdogen bonding water molecules are cohesive Universal solvent
53
What is a catalyst?
Substance that will speed up a chemical reactions without being changed in the reaction
54
What are the most common catalysts in the living system?
enzymes
55
What are enzymes?
Catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being changed in the process
56
Synthesis reactions get?
bigger
57
Decomposition reactions get?
smaller
58
C6H1206+C6H1206--->C12H22011+H20 | What kind of reaction is this?
Dehydration synthesis Anabolic reaction *****
59
If you see H20 in the product of a reaction, you can deduce that it is a?
Dehydration synthesis reaction
60
C12H22011+H20--->C6H1206+C6H1206H20 What kind of reaction is this? Is it catabolic or anabolic
Catabolic Reaction Hydrolosis decomposition reaction *****
61
Hydrolosis is when?
Water is put back
62
What's the percent of water in the human body?
60-80%
63
Water is the ___________ in which most chemical reactions occur in the body.
medium
64
What is a electrolyte?
Soluble inorganic substances whose ions will conduct an electrical current when dissociated in a solution. *Virtually ALL ionic compounds are electrolytes.
65
How does water allow us to maintain body temp?
By sweating
66
Which ions from dissociated substances are found in bodily fluid?
Na+, CA++, K+, CL-,H+
67
Putting salt in water would be considered?
dissasociation
68
Hydrophilic means?
Water loving
69
Hydrophobic means?
Water hating
70
Polar molecules are?
Hydrophilic
71
Non polar molecules are?
Hydrophobic
72
What do we want from electrolytes?
the ions
73
What are acids?
A substance that dissociates in water releasing 'free' hydrogen ions.
74
To be an acid you must have at least __ hydrogen ions?
3
75
Do strong acids dissociate completely? | What do weak acids do?
Strong acids dissociate completely | Weak acids do not dissociate and are reversable
76
Anything that will bind with hydrogen is considered a?
Base
77
Anything that releases _________ is considered a base.
hydroxide ions
78
What is meant by the term pH?
Power of hydrogen
79
How do buffers work?
Stabilizing the pH by adding or removing H+ from solution
80
What is a typical buffer system?
A weak acid and an ion of it's related salt.
81
Blood pH is from what?
7.35 to 7.45

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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