Chapter 2 Continued

Question 1

Most of the fluids in the body tend to stay around what ph?

Answer 1

neutral

Question 2

What is a buffer?

Answer 2

a substance that resists rapid changes in ph

**

Question 3

If the body isn’t able to release CO2, what would happen to the blood?

Answer 3

It would become more acidic

Question 4

If ph is rising in blood what is it called?

Answer 4

alkalosis

Question 5

If blood ph goes down what is it called?

Answer 5

acidosis

Question 6

Sally’s blood ph begins to rise, would this be alkalosis or acidosis?
What would the body use to bring it down?

Answer 6

Alkalosis

A buffer system

Question 7

Many salts completely _____________ in a aqueous solution.

Answer 7

dissociation

Question 8

Na+ is essential to what bodily function?

Answer 8

nerve impulses

Question 9

Ca++ are essential to what bodily function?

Answer 9

muscle contraction

Question 10

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 10

Study of things containing carbon

*not all things that contain carbon are organic

Question 11

If carbon is found in a substance, what are the two bonds you can expect to see?

Answer 11

C-C

C-H

Question 12

Life has used carbon for it’s base molecule because?

Answer 12

Carbon chains are able to continue for long amounts of time

Question 13

If you don’t see at least one C-C bond or a C-H then you can deduce that the molecule is?

Answer 13

inorganic

Question 14

Estrogen, tetosterone, and cohlesteral are all?

Answer 14

Lipids

Question 15

C6H12O6 is the formula for?

Answer 15

Glucose and fructose

Question 16

Isomers are?

Answer 16

Molecules with the same chemical formula but a different chemical structure.

Question 17

What is an example of the monomer of a protien?

Answer 17

Amino acid

Question 18

What is a polymer?

Answer 18

A chain of monomers

Question 19

What are the general characteristics of carbohydrates?

Answer 19

Energy use and energy storage

Question 20

What are simple sugars or single sugars with 3 to 7 carbons?

Answer 20

Monosaccharides

Question 21

Fructose + Glucose –>Sucrose
what type of reaction is this?
is it endergonic or exergonic?

Answer 21

Anabolic

endergonic

Question 22

What is a disaccharides?

Answer 22

sucrose

Question 23

What are polyaccharides?

Answer 23

many monosaccharides together

Question 24

What could be referred to as ‘animal starch’?

Answer 24

glycogen

Question 25

Lipids include?

Answer 25

fats and oils, waxes, eicosanoids, steroids, phosopholipids, and glycolipids

Question 26

when you see COOH you can deduce that it is an?

Answer 26

Acid

Question 27

Fatty acids determine the chemical characteristics of what?

Answer 27

glycerides

Question 28

What binds fatty acid to glycerol?

Answer 28

A dehydration synthesis reaction

Question 29

Saturated fats are ______ and have _______ bonds and of what origin?

Answer 29

solid, single, animal origin

Question 30

Unsaturated fats are _________ and have ________ bonds? | Unsaturated are mostly of what origin?

Answer 30

Liquid, double | Mostly plant origin

Question 31

What are the most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane of living cells?

Answer 31

Phospholipids

Question 32

What's the most abundant molecule in the human body?

Answer 32

water

Question 33

What are the functions of triglycerides?

Answer 33

Energy, Insulation, Protection

Question 34

NH2---C---COOH | What is this?

Answer 34

An amino acid

Question 35

What holds amino acids together?

Answer 35

peptide bonds

Question 36

How many amino acids (range) are in polypeptides? | How many in proteins?

Answer 36

Polypeptides-2 to 99 | Protein-over 100

Question 37

What plays a role in the shape of proteins?

Answer 37

Hydrogen

Question 38

What is an enzymes?

Answer 38

A catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction that does not change in the reaction.

Question 39

What are some of the functions of protiens in the body?

Answer 39

Catalysts (enzymes), Structure, protection, Transport, Receptors, muscle contraction

Question 40

What are markers?

Answer 40

How the body recognizes itself

Question 41

Receptors do what in the body?

Answer 41

Designed to bind to something to create a change in the body

Question 42

What do enzymes do?

Answer 42

Lower the energy of activation

Question 43

Why do we need enzymes?

Answer 43

Most chemical reactions would occur too slowly too support life

Question 44

The molecule that binds with an enzyme is called?

Answer 44

a substrate

Question 45

What are the 3 things to remember about enzymes?

Answer 45

1) Speeds up chemical reaction w/o being changed in the process 2) Specitifity-1 enzyme + 1 substrate 3) 1 substrate

Question 46

What is the definition for metabolic pathways?

Answer 46

A sequence of enzymatically regulated reactions that go from reactants to products. ******

Question 47

What is it that lowers the energy of activation?

Answer 47

The mere presence of the enzyme and it's ability to change shape after binding

Question 48

What is a cofactor?

Answer 48

A Inorganic molecule that helps bring about a reaction | Ex. Magnesium ion

Question 49

What is a coenzyme?

Answer 49

A organic molecule that brings about a reaction | Ex. CoQ10

Question 50

What are the factors that affect rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

Answer 50

Cofactors, Coenzymes, Temperature, PH, Concentration of enzyme or substrate

Question 51

What is the active site?

Answer 51

area on the enzyme where the substrate binds

Question 52

Competitive inhibition is when?

Answer 52

An outside source that binds to the active site that prevents the substrate from binding