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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 2 Continued > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Continued Flashcards

1
Q

Most of the fluids in the body tend to stay around what ph?

A

neutral

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2
Q

What is a buffer?

A

a substance that resists rapid changes in ph

**

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3
Q

If the body isn’t able to release CO2, what would happen to the blood?

A

It would become more acidic

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4
Q

If ph is rising in blood what is it called?

A

alkalosis

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5
Q

If blood ph goes down what is it called?

A

acidosis

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6
Q

Sally’s blood ph begins to rise, would this be alkalosis or acidosis?
What would the body use to bring it down?

A

Alkalosis

A buffer system

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7
Q

Many salts completely _____________ in a aqueous solution.

A

dissociation

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8
Q

Na+ is essential to what bodily function?

A

nerve impulses

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9
Q

Ca++ are essential to what bodily function?

A

muscle contraction

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10
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

Study of things containing carbon

*not all things that contain carbon are organic

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11
Q

If carbon is found in a substance, what are the two bonds you can expect to see?

A

C-C

C-H

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12
Q

Life has used carbon for it’s base molecule because?

A

Carbon chains are able to continue for long amounts of time

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13
Q

If you don’t see at least one C-C bond or a C-H then you can deduce that the molecule is?

A

inorganic

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14
Q

Estrogen, tetosterone, and cohlesteral are all?

A

Lipids

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15
Q

C6H12O6 is the formula for?

A

Glucose and fructose

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16
Q

Isomers are?

A

Molecules with the same chemical formula but a different chemical structure.

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17
Q

What is an example of the monomer of a protien?

A

Amino acid

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18
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A chain of monomers

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19
Q

What are the general characteristics of carbohydrates?

A

Energy use and energy storage

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20
Q

What are simple sugars or single sugars with 3 to 7 carbons?

A

Monosaccharides

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21
Q

Fructose + Glucose –>Sucrose
what type of reaction is this?
is it endergonic or exergonic?

A

Anabolic

endergonic

22
Q

What is a disaccharides?

A

sucrose

23
Q

What are polyaccharides?

A

many monosaccharides together

24
Q

What could be referred to as ‘animal starch’?

A

glycogen

25
Q

Lipids include?

A

fats and oils, waxes, eicosanoids, steroids, phosopholipids, and glycolipids

26
Q

when you see COOH you can deduce that it is an?

A

Acid

27
Q

Fatty acids determine the chemical characteristics of what?

A

glycerides

28
Q

What binds fatty acid to glycerol?

A

A dehydration synthesis reaction

29
Q

Saturated fats are ______ and have _______ bonds and of what origin?

A

solid, single, animal origin

30
Q

Unsaturated fats are _________ and have ________ bonds?

Unsaturated are mostly of what origin?

A

Liquid, double

Mostly plant origin

31
Q

What are the most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane of living cells?

A

Phospholipids

32
Q

What’s the most abundant molecule in the human body?

A

water

33
Q

What are the functions of triglycerides?

A

Energy, Insulation, Protection

34
Q

NH2—C—COOH

What is this?

A

An amino acid

35
Q

What holds amino acids together?

A

peptide bonds

36
Q

How many amino acids (range) are in polypeptides?

How many in proteins?

A

Polypeptides-2 to 99

Protein-over 100

37
Q

What plays a role in the shape of proteins?

A

Hydrogen

38
Q

What is an enzymes?

A

A catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction that does not change in the reaction.

39
Q

What are some of the functions of protiens in the body?

A

Catalysts (enzymes), Structure, protection, Transport, Receptors, muscle contraction

40
Q

What are markers?

A

How the body recognizes itself

41
Q

Receptors do what in the body?

A

Designed to bind to something to create a change in the body

42
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Lower the energy of activation

43
Q

Why do we need enzymes?

A

Most chemical reactions would occur too slowly too support life

44
Q

The molecule that binds with an enzyme is called?

A

a substrate

45
Q

What are the 3 things to remember about enzymes?

A

1) Speeds up chemical reaction w/o being changed in the process
2) Specitifity-1 enzyme + 1 substrate
3) 1 substrate

46
Q

What is the definition for metabolic pathways?

A

A sequence of enzymatically regulated reactions that go from reactants to products.
****

47
Q

What is it that lowers the energy of activation?

A

The mere presence of the enzyme and it’s ability to change shape after binding

48
Q

What is a cofactor?

A

A Inorganic molecule that helps bring about a reaction

Ex. Magnesium ion

49
Q

What is a coenzyme?

A

A organic molecule that brings about a reaction

Ex. CoQ10

50
Q

What are the factors that affect rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

A

Cofactors, Coenzymes, Temperature, PH, Concentration of enzyme or substrate

51
Q

What is the active site?

A

area on the enzyme where the substrate binds

52
Q

Competitive inhibition is when?

A

An outside source that binds to the active site that prevents the substrate from binding

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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