Chapter 5 Lecture Flashcards
What are the two parts that make up Integument (cutaneous membrane)?
Epidermis and the dermis
is the integument an organ?
yes
Hypodermis, Subcutaneous, Sub Q, Superficial Fascia
What do all these terms have in common?
They are all the same thing
What makes up the integumentary system?
Integument, Hair, Nails, Exocrine glands of skin
What is the largest system in the body?
Integumentary system
What are the functions of skin and the subcutaneous layer?
Protection, Excretion, Maintenance of body temperature, Synthesis of vitamin D, Storage (for lipids in the sub Q, not actually part of the integument), Direction
How does the epidermis get it’s nutrients?
through diffusion
Is the epidermis innverated and avascular?
YES!
What are Keratinocytes?
Most abundant cells in the epidermis, making about 90% of the epidermis
NOTE: Not all stratified squamous epithelial are keritanized
What is the major difference between thick skin and thin skin?
Thin skin has 4 layers and has hair
Thick skin has 5 layers and no hair
What are the layers of the epidermis of thick skin from deep to superficial?
- Stratum Germinativum
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
The Germinativum (or basal) is how many layers thick?
one cell layer
What kind of cells are in the germinativum?
1) Stem cells
2) Melanocyte
3) Merkel cell
What is the function of a melaocyte?
Produce melanin
What is the function of merkel cells?
respond to touch by releasing chemicals that trigger nervous system responce
What type of cells are located in the spinosum?
1) Keratinocytes
2) Langerhan cells
What do Langerhan cells do and where are they made
Made in the red bone marrow
Gobble up bacteria or harmful matter
What is the process of keratinzation?
Process of making keratinocyctes
Stem cells differentiating to make the keratinocytes
How long does it take from a stem cell to move into the corneum?
45 days
Are there any cells that are alive in the spinosum?
Yes, but they are begining to die
What are the two types of perspiration?
Insensible Persperation
Sensible persperation
Insensible persperation does not involve?
Sweat glands
When does insensible persperation occur?
Anytime, and you can’t detect it
Sensible persperation involves?
Sweat glands (Sudiphorus glands)
Skin color depends on?
Pigmentation, and blood circulation
What is a orange-yellow, lipid soluble pigment found in carrots and accumulates in epidermal cells of the corneum and in fatty tissues of the dermis and hypodermis?
Carotene
What two things is carotene does?
Skin pigmentation and can be converted to vitamin A
What is melanin?
A yellow-brown or black pigment that is produced by melanocytes in the stratum germinativum and stored in transport vesicles called melanosomes
Skin color depends on the ________ of melanin production, not by the number of melanocytes.
rate